Hodson L, Skeaff C M, Chisholm W A
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;55(10):908-15. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601234.
To examine, in free-living adults eating self-selected diets, the effects on plasma cholesterol of substituting saturated fat rich foods with either n-6 polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat rich foods while at the same time adhering to a total fat intake of 30-33% of dietary energy.
Two randomised crossover trials.
General community.
Volunteer sample of healthy free-living nutrition students at the University of Otago. Trial I, n=29; and trial II, n=42.
In trials I and II participants were asked to follow for 2(1/2) weeks a diet high in saturated fat yet with a total fat content that conformed to nutrition recommendations (30-33% energy). During the 2(1/2) week comparison diet, saturated fat rich foods were replaced with foods rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats (trial I) whereas in trial II the replacement foods were rich in monounsaturated fats. Participants were asked to maintain a total fat intake of 30-33% of energy on all diets.
Energy and nutrient intakes, plasma triglyceride fatty acids, and plasma cholesterol.
When replacing saturated fat with either n-6 polyunsaturated fat or monounsaturated fat, total fat intakes decreased by 2.9% energy and 5.1% energy, respectively. Replacing saturated fat with n-6 polyunsaturated fat (trial I) lowered plasma total cholesterol by 19% [from 4.87 (0.88) to 3.94 (0.92) mmol/l, mean (s.d.)], low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 22% [from 2.87 (0.75) to 2.24 (0.67) mmol/l], and high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 14% [from 1.39 (0.36) to 1.19 (0.34) mmol/l], whereas replacing saturated fat with monounsaturated fat (trial II) decreased total cholesterol by 12%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 15%, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 4%, respectively. The change in the ratio of total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol was similar during trial I and trial II.
Young adults are very responsive to dietary-induced changes in plasma cholesterol even when an isocaloric replacement of saturated fat with n-6 polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat is not achieved. Replacing saturated fat with either n-6 polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat is equally efficacious at reducing the total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.
University of Otago, Meadow Lea Ltd.
在自由选择饮食的成年人中,研究用富含n-6多不饱和脂肪酸或单不饱和脂肪酸的食物替代富含饱和脂肪的食物对血浆胆固醇的影响,同时保持总脂肪摄入量占膳食能量的30 - 33%。
两项随机交叉试验。
普通社区。
奥塔哥大学健康的自由生活营养专业学生志愿者样本。试验I,n = 29;试验II,n = 42。
在试验I和试验II中,要求参与者遵循2.5周富含饱和脂肪但总脂肪含量符合营养建议(30 - 33%能量)的饮食。在2.5周的对照饮食期间,富含饱和脂肪的食物被富含n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的食物替代(试验I),而在试验II中,替代食物富含单不饱和脂肪酸。要求参与者在所有饮食中保持总脂肪摄入量占能量的30 - 33%。
能量和营养素摄入量、血浆甘油三酯脂肪酸和血浆胆固醇。
用n-6多不饱和脂肪酸或单不饱和脂肪酸替代饱和脂肪时,总脂肪摄入量分别降低了2.9%能量和5.1%能量。用n-6多不饱和脂肪酸替代饱和脂肪(试验I)使血浆总胆固醇降低了19%[从4.87(0.88)降至3.94(0.92)mmol/l,均值(标准差)],低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了22%[从2.87(0.75)降至2.24(0.67)mmol/l],高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了14%[从1.39(0.36)降至1.19(0.34)mmol/l],而用单不饱和脂肪酸替代饱和脂肪(试验II)分别使总胆固醇降低了12%,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了15%,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了4%。试验I和试验II期间总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值的变化相似。
即使未实现用n-6多不饱和脂肪酸或单不饱和脂肪酸等热量替代饱和脂肪,年轻人对饮食引起的血浆胆固醇变化也非常敏感。用n-6多不饱和脂肪酸或单不饱和脂肪酸替代饱和脂肪在降低总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值方面同样有效。
奥塔哥大学、Meadow Lea有限公司