Al-Dhahry S H, Al-Awaidy S T, Al-Busaidy S M, Koul R L, Al-Khusaiby S M, Suleman A J
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35 Al-Khodh, Muscat 123, Oman.
Acta Trop. 2001 Oct 22;80(2):131-8. doi: 10.1016/s0001-706x(01)00167-x.
In the past decade, the Sultanate of Oman has experienced three outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis--a widespread polio type 1 epidemic in 1988/1989, four cases of polio type 3 in three different regions in 1991, and a localized type 1 outbreak in 1993. The lessons learnt from each of these epidemics have guided us to modify and improve our polio eradication activities. Currently, these activities include administration of five primary and three booster doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine, yearly national immunization campaigns (NIDs) since 1995 with coverage of >90%, localized immunization campaigns, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance which involves reporting of all cases by facsimile to the Department of Surveillance within 24 h of detecting a case and weekly zero reporting from 22 sentinel sites, and virological testing of stool specimens of all AFP cases and their close contacts at the national, World Health Organization accredited laboratory. The cumulative success of these activities has resulted in Oman being free from polio for the past 6 years. However, the possibility of importation of wild poliovirus, particularly from southern and western Asia still exists.
在过去十年中，阿曼苏丹国经历了三次麻痹性脊髓灰质炎疫情——1988/1989年广泛的1型脊髓灰质炎流行，1991年在三个不同地区出现4例3型脊髓灰质炎病例，以及1993年一次局部的1型疫情爆发。从这些疫情中吸取的经验教训指导我们调整和改进了脊髓灰质炎根除活动。目前，这些活动包括接种五剂基础剂量和三剂加强剂量的三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗，自1995年以来每年开展全国免疫运动（NIDs），覆盖率超过90%，开展局部免疫运动，进行急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）监测，即所有病例在发现后24小时内通过传真向监测部门报告，并从22个哨点每周进行零报告，以及在国家认可的世界卫生组织实验室对所有AFP病例及其密切接触者的粪便标本进行病毒学检测。这些活动的累积成功使阿曼在过去6年中没有脊髓灰质炎。然而，野生脊髓灰质炎病毒输入的可能性仍然存在，特别是来自南亚和西亚。
