Biellik R J, Allies T, Woodfill C J, Lobanov A
Expanded Programme on Immunization, Southern Africa, World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe.
J Infect Dis. 1997 Feb;175 Suppl 1:S30-6. doi: 10.1093/infdis/175.supplement_1.s30.
In 1993, a nationwide outbreak of 53 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in Namibia. The World Health Organization-recommended supplemental vaccination strategy of national immunization days (NIDs), providing two doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV) to all children <5 years, was implemented to control the epidemic. A second focal outbreak of 16 confirmed polio cases occurred during 1994-1995 in northeast Namibia. "Mopping-up" vaccination was implemented to control the second outbreak, followed by NIDs. Both epidemics appeared to be associated with wild poliovirus importation from Angola, where polio is endemic. Although supplemental vaccination measures achieved suboptimal OPV coverage, surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis has not detected wild poliovirus in Namibia since April 1995. Future NIDs should aim to ensure OPV coverage >90% in each round of NIDs in each district. Nevertheless, the risk of new poliovirus importations will continue until efforts in Angola to increase routine coverage with three doses of OPV and extend supplemental vaccination activities can be implemented.
1993年，纳米比亚全国爆发了53例麻痹性脊髓灰质炎疫情。为控制疫情，实施了世界卫生组织推荐的全国免疫日补充疫苗接种策略，即向所有5岁以下儿童提供两剂口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）。1994 - 1995年期间，纳米比亚东北部又爆发了一次局部疫情，确诊16例脊髓灰质炎病例。为控制第二次疫情，实施了“扫荡式”疫苗接种，随后开展了全国免疫日活动。这两次疫情似乎都与从脊髓灰质炎流行的安哥拉输入野生脊髓灰质炎病毒有关。尽管补充疫苗接种措施的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗覆盖率未达最佳水平，但自1995年4月以来，纳米比亚急性弛缓性麻痹监测未发现野生脊髓灰质炎病毒。未来的全国免疫日应旨在确保每个地区每轮全国免疫日的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗覆盖率超过90%。然而，在安哥拉提高三剂口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗常规覆盖率并扩大补充疫苗接种活动的努力得以实施之前，新的脊髓灰质炎病毒输入风险将持续存在。
