Kleinsasser N H, Priemer F G, Kleinsasser O F
Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkranke, LMU München.
MMW Fortschr Med. 2001 Sep 20;143(38):26-9.
Injuries to the larynx may have extracorporeal (external), or endolaryngeal (internal), causes and are here classified on the basis of traumatic mechanisms. External trauma may be due to the action of blunt force or sharp objects--also including ruptures. Internal injuries may occur as a result of endotracheal intubation (also for anesthesia), long-term intubation and mechanical ventilation, ingestion of foreign bodies, surgical or nonsurgical interventions. In some cases, laryngeal injuries may be difficult to diagnose and evaluate. If the patient survives the primary traumatic event and his vital functions are preserved and stable, a careful laryngoscopic exploration--where indicated also such imaging procedure as high-resolution CT, direct microlaryngoscopy and laryngometry--should be applied to establish the diagnosis and decide on appropriate treatment.
喉部损伤可能有体外（外部）或喉内（内部）原因，在此根据创伤机制进行分类。外部创伤可能是由钝器或锐器作用所致，也包括破裂伤。内部损伤可能因气管插管（包括用于麻醉）、长期插管和机械通气、异物摄入、手术或非手术干预而发生。在某些情况下，喉部损伤可能难以诊断和评估。如果患者在原发性创伤事件中幸存下来，且其生命功能得以保留且稳定，则应进行仔细的喉镜检查——必要时还应采用高分辨率CT、直接显微喉镜检查和喉测量等成像检查——以明确诊断并确定适当的治疗方案。
