Frosch R A
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 1;89(3):800-3. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.3.800.
By analogy with natural ecosystems, an industrial ecology system, in addition to minimizing waste production in processes, would maximize the economical use of waste materials and of products at the ends of their lives as inputs to other processes and industries. This possibility can be made real only if a number of potential problems can be solved. These include the design of wastes along with the design of products and processes, the economics of such a system, the internalizing of the costs of waste disposal to the design and choice of processes and products, the effects of regulations intended for other purposes, and problems of responsibility and liability. The various stakeholders in making the effects of industry on the environment more benign will need to adopt some new behaviors if the possibility is to become real.
与自然生态系统类似，工业生态系统除了要尽量减少生产过程中的废物产生外，还应最大限度地经济利用废料以及产品在使用寿命结束时作为其他流程和产业的投入物。只有解决一些潜在问题，这种可能性才能实现。这些问题包括废料设计以及产品和流程设计、该系统的经济性、将废物处理成本纳入流程和产品设计与选择的考量、其他目的相关法规的影响以及责任问题。如果要将工业对环境的影响变得更有益这一可能性变为现实，那么各类利益相关者就需要采取一些新的行为方式。
