Segal I E, Nicoll J F
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):11669-72. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.24.11669.
The Hubble (linear) redshift-distance law predicts values for directly observed quantities that are quite deviant from their actual values in infrared astronomical satellite (IRAS) galaxy samples. These samples are objectively defined, have modern measurements, are presently the largest such samples to which the Hubble law is theoretically applicable, and are otherwise generally considered to be statistically appropriate. The Hubble law predicts in particular that the dispersion in log flux will be much greater than it is observed to be. This type of deviation is fundamentally incapable of explanation via the assumption of any physically known type of perturbation. The Lundmark (quadratic) redshift-distance law predicts values for these directly observed quantities that are consistent with, and in fact quite close to, their actual values in the same samples. The predictions of a cubic law are typically deviant from observation but somewhat less so than those of the Hubble law. The Lundmark law accurately predicts the deviations from observation of statistical estimates predicated on either the Hubble or the cubic law. Parallel predictions for the latter laws for the results of statistical estimation predicated on the alternative laws are typically quite inaccurate. The Hubble and Lundmark laws are predicted at the low redshifts of the IRAS galaxy samples by generic big bang cosmology (BBC) and chronometric cosmology (CC), respectively. The present results confirm earlier studies of a variety of objectively defined samples of discrete sources in other wave bands that were contraindicative of BBC and indicative of CC.
哈勃（线性）红移 - 距离定律所预测的直接观测到的量的值，与红外天文卫星（IRAS）星系样本中的实际值有很大偏差。这些样本是客观定义的，有现代测量数据，是目前哈勃定律在理论上适用的最大此类样本，并且在其他方面通常被认为在统计上是合适的。哈勃定律特别预测，对数通量的离散度将比观测到的大得多。这种偏差从根本上无法通过假设任何已知的物理扰动类型来解释。伦德马克（二次）红移 - 距离定律所预测的这些直接观测到的量的值，与相同样本中的实际值一致，实际上非常接近。立方定律的预测通常与观测结果有偏差，但比哈勃定律的偏差要小一些。伦德马克定律准确地预测了基于哈勃定律或立方定律的统计估计与观测结果的偏差。对于基于替代定律的统计估计结果，后两者定律的平行预测通常非常不准确。哈勃定律和伦德马克定律分别由通用大爆炸宇宙学（BBC）和计时宇宙学（CC）在IRAS星系样本的低红移情况下预测得出。目前的结果证实了早期对其他波段离散源的各种客观定义样本的研究，这些研究与BBC相悖，而与CC相符。
