Morabito C
Istituto di Psicologia, Facolta di Lettere e Filosofia, Universita di Parma, Italia.
J Hist Neurosci. 2000 Aug;9(2):180-200. doi: 10.1076/0964-704x(200008)9:2;1-y;ft180.
Luigi Luciani, the Italian physiologist who lived during the second half of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth, is generally remembered for his studies on the cerebellum, the physiology of the heart, the respiratory system and on fasting. Less well known is the experimental research he carried out in the field of cerebral localization. It should however be pointed out that, as a result of his work in experimental neurophysiology between the years 1875 and 1885, Luciani was perfectly familiar with the latest findings on the relationship between brain and behavioral functions, but above all he was led by this work to develop an interesting model for the description of brain functions. He refined this model in a close dialectic relationship, of comparison and contrast, with the theories of the leading European neurophysiologists of his time - either those who favored a localizationistic explanation of the brain's functions or those who opposed this view. This paper gives a quick presentation of Luciani's experimental work on the functions of the brain as well as what he thought of the question of cerebral localization. His localizationistic model is compared - both in its general characteristics and in its specific details - with other models which had been proposed during the same years by the outstanding European physiologists of the day like Goltz, Ferrier, and Munk. Luciani's epistemological foundations, as well as his experimental methodology, are analyzed within the context of his wider theoretical ideas about how nervous and psychic activity were linked, with his ideas on physiology, and more in general in relation to his view of man's biological place in the rest of the living world. On the basis of this analysis, the state of the experimental work being done in Italy by Luciani is placed within the European context of neurophysiology in which Luciani was an outstanding figure.
路易吉·卢西亚尼是一位生活在19世纪后半叶和20世纪初的意大利生理学家，人们通常记得他在小脑、心脏生理学、呼吸系统以及禁食方面的研究。他在大脑定位领域所进行的实验研究则鲜为人知。然而，应该指出的是，由于他在1875年至1885年间从事的实验神经生理学工作，卢西亚尼对大脑与行为功能之间关系的最新发现了如指掌，但最重要的是，这项工作促使他开发出一个有趣的大脑功能描述模型。他在与当时欧洲主要神经生理学家的理论进行比较和对比的紧密辩证关系中完善了这个模型——这些神经生理学家有的支持对大脑功能进行定位解释，有的则反对这种观点。本文简要介绍了卢西亚尼关于大脑功能的实验工作以及他对大脑定位问题的看法。将他的定位模型在其一般特征和具体细节方面与当时杰出的欧洲生理学家如戈尔茨、费里尔和蒙克在同一年提出的其他模型进行了比较。在他关于神经活动和心理活动如何联系的更广泛理论观点、他的生理学观点以及更一般地关于他对人类在其他生物世界中的生物学地位的看法的背景下，分析了卢西亚尼的认识论基础及其实验方法。基于这一分析，将卢西亚尼在意大利所做的实验工作置于他作为杰出人物的欧洲神经生理学背景之中。
