Titford M
Pathology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, 36617, USA.
J Histotechnol. 1993 Jun;16(2):155-8. doi: 10.1179/his.1993.16.2.155.
The aniline dye industry was created in 1856 when the Englishman William Perkin prepared the color mauve from aniline. Dye industries were then formed in several European countries, and each year thousands of new colors and shades were tested on fabrics. Scientists of that period used these new dyes to study the structures of plant and animal tissues. Starting in 1880 George Grubler, a German pharmacist, sold biological stains to scientists around the world. Grubler stains earned a reputation for reliability, and many of the staining methods, developed at that time stiuplated the use of Grubler's dyes, even after the firm was sold to Karl Hollborn who continued Grubler's work and devised new staining methods. The Grubler company continued to prosper until World War I. The Chroma Gesellschaft-Schmid GMBH Company in Germany is a successor of the Grubler company. The interrupted supply of Grubler stains during World War I prompted the start of the American biological stain industry and subsequently the Biological Stain Commission was formed.
1856年，英国人威廉·珀金用苯胺制备出了紫红色染料，苯胺染料工业由此诞生。随后，欧洲几个国家都建立了染料工业，每年都有成千上万种新颜色和色调在织物上进行测试。那个时期的科学家们用这些新染料来研究动植物组织的结构。从1880年开始，德国药剂师乔治·格鲁布勒向世界各地的科学家出售生物染色剂。格鲁布勒染色剂以可靠性著称，当时开发的许多染色方法都规定使用格鲁布勒的染料，即使在该公司被卖给卡尔·霍尔伯恩之后，后者继续格鲁布勒的工作并设计了新的染色方法。格鲁布勒公司一直繁荣到第一次世界大战。德国的克勒马公司是格鲁布勒公司的继承者。第一次世界大战期间格鲁布勒染色剂的供应中断促使了美国生物染色剂工业的兴起，随后生物染色剂委员会成立。
