Musitelli S
Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy.
Med Secoli. 1996;8(2):207-35.
Dentistry was surely practiced in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Etruria, Greece and Rome, but odontology arose only with the dawn of Greek science. One may find the first references to a rational odontology only in the fragments of the Pre-socratic philosophers and in the Corpus Hippocraticum. Aristotle was the first to treat odontology under a comparative anatomo-physiological point of view. Celsus and Scribonius Largus got their matter from Hippocrates, Aristotle, the Hellenistic anatomists as well as from folk-traditions, but payed attention rather to dentistry than to odontology. Finally Galen gathered all the knowledge about odontology and dentistry from Hippocrates up to the Hellenistic anatomists and organized all the matter in his monumental teleologic and theological system, that was inherited by both the so called iatrosophists and the Byzantine physicians.
在古埃及、美索不达米亚、腓尼基、伊特鲁里亚、希腊和罗马， Dentistry肯定已经存在，但Odontology是随着希腊科学的兴起才出现的。人们只能在古希腊前苏格拉底哲学家的著作片段以及《希波克拉底文集》中找到对理性牙科学的最早提及。亚里士多德是第一个从比较解剖生理学角度论述牙科学的人。塞尔苏斯和斯克里博尼乌斯·拉古斯的资料来源于希波克拉底、亚里士多德、希腊化时期的解剖学家以及民间传统，但他们更多关注的是 Dentistry而非Odontology。最后，盖伦汇集了从希波克拉底到希腊化时期解剖学家关于牙科学和 Dentistry的所有知识，并将这些内容组织进他庞大的目的论和神学体系中，这个体系被所谓的医家派和拜占庭医生继承了下来。
