Oda Y
Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi. 1999 Mar;45(1):31-44.
In 1721, a smallpox epidemic in Boston occurred and inoculation was introduced. It has been said that the inoculation in Boston was under the influence of England, but it has been shown this is not correct. It was clergyman Mather and surgeon Boylston who promoted inoculation, while doctor Douglass, a graduate from Edinburgh University, strongly opposed inoculation. The selectmen in Boston opened a town-meeting and discussed inoculation, and finally rejected the introduction of inoculation into Boston. The Boston citizens were also strongly opposed to inoculation and they even threw a lighted hand grenade into Mather's room. Since then, controversies over inoculation broke out every time a smallpox epidemic occurred. In 1775, George Washington became the commander of the war of Independence. He took a countermeasure to get rid of the smallpox epidemic in his army and he inoculated all army and recruit members. Meanwhile the English commander Howe, who did not pay attention to smallpox, had to decide to withdraw from Boston, since the smallpox epidemic broke out among the English army. In this paper I tried to clarify the controversies over inoculation in Boston, and the fact that smallpox epidemic and inoculation were related to the success of the immigration of the Puritans and also to the success of the independence of the New World from the British Empire.
1721年，波士顿爆发了一场天花疫情，接种法被引入。据说波士顿的接种法受到了英国的影响，但事实证明这是不正确的。是牧师马瑟和外科医生博伊尔斯顿推动了接种法，而毕业于爱丁堡大学的道格拉斯医生则强烈反对接种法。波士顿的行政委员召开了一次镇民大会来讨论接种法，最终拒绝在波士顿引入接种法。波士顿市民也强烈反对接种法，他们甚至向马瑟的房间扔了一枚点燃的手榴弹。从那时起，每当天花疫情爆发，关于接种法的争议就会爆发。1775年，乔治·华盛顿成为独立战争的指挥官。他采取了一项对策来消除军队中的天花疫情，给所有军队成员和新兵都接种了疫苗。与此同时，英国指挥官豪没有重视天花，由于英国军队中爆发了天花疫情，他不得不决定从波士顿撤军。在本文中，我试图阐明波士顿关于接种法的争议，以及天花疫情和接种法与清教徒移民的成功以及新大陆从大英帝国独立的成功相关这一事实。
