Mulder M, De Jong E
Gewina. 1997;20(4):243-55.
This article describes the position of woman surgeons in the Netherlands. In 1913 the first woman, Heleen Robert, was accepted as member of the Dutch Society of Surgery. Three others, Jeanne Knoop, Frieda van Hasselt and Rosalie Wijnberg, followed during the next ten years. The nomination of Rosalie Wijnberg caused a turbulent discussion as she was working as a gynaecologist and not as a surgeon. One can wonder about this argument as other members were gynaecologists too. It seems that the male attitudes towards women were changing as more women entered the male dominated field. Nevertheless, from 1931 on, the year in which the registration of specialists was created, a number of women succeeded in obtaining a registration in surgery. Four of them were interviewed: dr. D.A.E. Norel, A.G. Wiersum-de Kwaadsteniet, J. Leeksma-Lievense and A.A. Fierstra. The general opinion still is that surgery is not a female profession. At the moment there are some twenty women working as general surgeon compared to a seven hundred men.
本文描述了荷兰女外科医生的状况。1913年，首位女性海伦·罗伯特被接纳为荷兰外科学会会员。在接下来的十年里，又有另外三位女性，珍妮·克诺普、弗里达·范·哈塞尔特和罗莎莉·维恩伯格加入。罗莎莉·维恩伯格的提名引发了一场激烈的讨论，因为她当时是一名妇科医生而非外科医生。鉴于其他会员中也有妇科医生，人们不禁会对这一争论感到疑惑。随着越来越多的女性进入男性主导的领域，男性对女性的态度似乎在发生变化。然而，从1931年专家注册制度设立起，一些女性成功获得了外科注册资格。对其中四位进行了访谈：D.A.E.诺雷尔医生、A.G.维瑟姆 - 德·夸德斯蒂涅特、J.利克斯马 - 利文斯和A.A.菲耶斯特拉。普遍观点仍然认为外科不是女性的职业。目前大约有二十名女性担任普通外科医生，而男性有七百名。
