Jonecko A
Arch Hist Filoz Med. 1998;61(2-3):147-68.
The person of Nicholas of Poland, living on the turn of the 13th century, has a documentary evidence in the so called Thraska chronicle, the preserved opuscules and in the document of some dukes of Poland from the years between 1271 to 1316. Nicholas was a friar of the order of Dominicans and achieved his education in Montepellier. In his poem entitled Antipocras, Nicholas of Poland for the first time expressed the point of view, that successful therapy may be possible, despite our ignorance about the real cause of illness. Nicholas expressed himself against Hipokrates and Galenus and also throwed off the standard urinoscopy. Nicholas payed attention to the fact, that not only precious medicines, but simple remedies may be effecacious in therapy. The opuscule Experimenta consists in a collection of prescriptions for preparation and application of different medicines. Nicholas of Poland was an advocate of remedies produced from snakes and amphibians. The surgical opuscule entitled Cyrurgia is the first writing and manual on surgery of Poland. It contents very interesting observations, especially about fistulas and cancer. This opuscule links to the so called snake therapy too. The Dominican Nicholas is the first in historical sources mentioned surgeon of Poland, who achieved high school education. The connections between Nicholas of Poland and the person and the court of the Duke Lestco Niger are documentary well foundated.
波兰的尼古拉斯生活在13世纪之交，在所谓的《特拉斯卡编年史》、留存下来的短文以及1271年至1316年间波兰一些公爵的文件中有相关文献记载。尼古拉斯是多明我会的一名修士，在蒙彼利埃接受教育。在他的诗作《反对伪医》中，波兰的尼古拉斯首次表达了这样一种观点，即尽管我们对疾病的真正病因一无所知，但成功的治疗仍有可能。尼古拉斯表达了他反对希波克拉底和盖伦的观点，还摒弃了标准的尿液检查法。尼古拉斯注意到这样一个事实，即不仅珍贵的药物，而且简单的疗法在治疗中也可能有效。短文《实验》收录了不同药物制备和应用的处方集。波兰的尼古拉斯倡导使用蛇和两栖动物制成的药物。外科短文《外科学》是波兰第一部关于外科手术的著作和手册。它包含了非常有趣的观察结果，尤其是关于瘘管和癌症的。这部短文也与所谓的蛇疗法有关。多米尼克会的尼古拉斯是历史资料中提到的第一位接受过高等教育的波兰外科医生。波兰的尼古拉斯与公爵莱斯科·尼日尔本人及宫廷之间的联系有充分的文献依据。
