Plonka-Syroka B
Med Nowozytna. 1998;5(2):11-54.
The German non-materialist medicine of the first half of the 19th century is presently a subject of advanced historical studies, carried out in Europe and USA. Until the mid-20th century, however, it was only the German authors who produced literature dedicated to the above-mentioned medicine. The purpose of this study is to present to the Polish reader the main trends in the German medical historiography that have been taking up the subject for 150 years. The historians of German medicine distinguished trends in the post-war period as the studies of the history of their native medical historiography developed. A Polish historian taking up the task of characterizing of the main methodological trends in German medical historiography is faced with the necessity to take position on the findings of German authors who took up the above-mentioned subject earlier. In my studies I worked mainly on the findings of the following authors: Nelly Tsouyopoulos, Urban Wiesing and Hans-Uwe Lammel. They served me as a guide to the old historical-medical literature that I managed to reach in the libraries of Dresden and Leipzig. Some of the German studies (H. Haeser, J. Petersen) were translated to Polish language and in those cases I leaned on the Polish translators. In this study I discuss the following methodological trends in historiography of German medicine of the 1st half of the 19th century: eclectic trends, philosophical trends, positivistic trends, neo-romantic trends, and social-cultural trends. I also present the analysis of theories of the most important representatives of the trends. Thanks to this I could reconstruct the process of shaping of the discussed epoch image in the light of various concepts of its description. As a result different characteristics of the epoch were grasped although the factography level they referred to was common. This study outlines also further developoment of the historiography of the discussed subject in the second half of the 20th century.
19世纪上半叶的德国非物质主义医学目前是欧美正在进行的高级历史研究的主题。然而，直到20世纪中叶，只有德国作者撰写了关于上述医学的文献。本研究的目的是向波兰读者介绍德国医学史学150年来一直关注该主题的主要趋势。随着德国医学史学本土研究的发展，德国医学史学家在战后时期区分了不同趋势。一位波兰历史学家承担起描述德国医学史学主要方法论趋势的任务，就必须对早期研究上述主题的德国作者的研究结果表明立场。在我的研究中，我主要研究了以下作者的研究结果：内莉·措尤波洛斯、乌尔班·维辛和汉斯 - 乌韦·拉梅尔。他们引导我接触到我在德累斯顿和莱比锡图书馆找到的旧历史医学文献。一些德国研究（H. 黑泽尔、J. 彼得森）被翻译成了波兰语，在这些情况下我参考了波兰译者的版本。在本研究中，我讨论了19世纪上半叶德国医学史学的以下方法论趋势：折衷主义趋势、哲学趋势、实证主义趋势、新浪漫主义趋势和社会文化趋势。我还对这些趋势最重要代表人物的理论进行了分析。由此，我能够根据对该时代的各种描述概念，重构该时代形象的塑造过程。结果，尽管它们所依据的事实层面是相同的，但把握到了该时代的不同特征。本研究还概述了20世纪下半叶该主题史学的进一步发展。
