Gradmann C
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Geschichte der Medizin.
Ber Wiss. 1996;19(2-3):81-94. doi: 10.1002/bewi.19960190204.
The text analyses metaphors of bacteriology which were extensively used in Germany during the era of William II. These display--in a vivid exchange with the scientific concepts of the age--a specific popular understanding of disease based on bacteriology. Disease is essentially seen as a war of physicians against microbes. While popularizing science bacteriological metaphors became part of the political language of their age. At the same time the prestige of bacteriology was in turn employed to lend credibility to pictures of assumed enemies--by portraying them as infectious diseases. Although the political language of bacteriology differed from the social darwinism of the age in important structural and semantic aspects, it nevertheless influenced the political language of its time, for example by becoming a blueprint of antisemitic rhetorics.
本文分析了在威廉二世时代德国广泛使用的细菌学隐喻。这些隐喻在与当时科学概念的生动交流中,展现了基于细菌学的一种特定的大众疾病认知。疾病本质上被视为医生与微生物之间的战争。在科学普及过程中,细菌学隐喻成为了那个时代政治语言的一部分。与此同时,细菌学的威望反过来被用来为假想敌人的形象赋予可信度——将他们描绘成传染病。尽管细菌学的政治语言在重要的结构和语义方面与当时的社会达尔文主义不同,但它仍然影响了当时的政治语言,例如成为反犹修辞的蓝本。