Enoch J M
Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1975 Jun;52(6):376-92. doi: 10.1097/00006324-197506000-00002.
In recent years we have come to recognize that retinal receptors are probably aligned with the center of the exit pupil of the eye. It becomes crucial to define those factors influencing and determining photoreceptor alignment. Here, the effect of retinal stretch associated with marked accommodation has been considered. Assuming that a sense of direction is associated with a given retinal locus, we have used a classical monocular bisection test technique in order to see if marked accommodation altered bisection settings. Substantial changes in bisection settings were found when testing in the region of the posterior pole. These could be localized most probably in the retina and choroid. In separate studies, the effect of anterior retinal stretch upon cone receptor orientation in the region of the fovea was evaluated. Marked accommodation caused a transient nasal displacement of the peak of the Stiles-Crawford directional sensitivity function. These studies suggest that the posterior pole of the eye is routinely subject to stresses and strains. This point is of clinical significance. Our studies suggest that the presence of the blind spot influences the magnitude of change of measured parameters. We have only begun the important task of evaluating the nature of recovery processes following marked accommodation. Lastly, in order to obtain the necessary responses, we have had to train our young observers to voluntarily utilize nearly their entire accommodative capability.
近年来，我们逐渐认识到视网膜感受器可能与眼睛出射瞳孔的中心对齐。确定那些影响和决定光感受器对齐的因素变得至关重要。在此，我们考虑了与明显调节相关的视网膜拉伸的影响。假设方向感与给定的视网膜位点相关联，我们使用了经典的单眼二等分测试技术，以观察明显的调节是否会改变二等分设置。在后极区域进行测试时，发现二等分设置有显著变化。这些变化很可能定位在视网膜和脉络膜中。在单独的研究中，评估了视网膜前部拉伸对中央凹区域视锥感受器方向的影响。明显的调节导致斯泰尔斯 - 克劳福德方向敏感性函数的峰值出现短暂的鼻侧移位。这些研究表明，眼球后极通常会受到应力和应变的影响。这一点具有临床意义。我们的研究表明，盲点的存在会影响测量参数的变化幅度。我们才刚刚开始评估明显调节后恢复过程性质的重要任务。最后，为了获得必要的反应，我们不得不训练我们的年轻观察者自愿利用几乎他们全部的调节能力。
