Against the background of records data, various aspects of the unique phenomenon are clarified--the capturing of power by the workers in the Samokov Community in 1910. It gives special attention also to the solution of public health problems in the spirit of socialist health services policy. The beginning, marked by the Samokov Commune, is developed during the years of revolutionary upsurge, which took place in this country after the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, when communes were created in a large number of community councils.