Paty M
Université Paris.
Asclepio. 1997;49(2):5-43. doi: 10.3989/asclepio.1997.v49.i2.364.
The question of the universality of science is considered, in contemporary debates, under the most varied and opposed positions depending whether one is sharing the point of view of an "ideal science" or that of a "social production of science". In the first case, science is conceived as the "hard core" of its statements and results at the period under consideration, and its supposed universality ignores factors that relativize its contents of knowledge, and which can be of a conceptual as well as social nature. Conversely, an exclusive focalization on the social aspects of the production of scientific knowledge ignores the objective character of these knowledge contents, be they either thought objects such as mathematical ones, or phenomena of the real, physico-biological as well as human and social, world. These two extreme positions, although caricatural, are shared by many. They illustrate the absence or ignorance of interdisciplinary analysis between philosophy, the various sciences, history of sciences and general history...
在当代辩论中，关于科学的普遍性问题，根据人们是认同“理想科学”的观点还是“科学的社会生产”的观点，会在极为多样且对立的立场下进行考量。在前一种情况下，科学被视为在所讨论时期其陈述和成果的“硬核”，其假定的普遍性忽略了使知识内容相对化的因素，这些因素可能具有概念性以及社会性。相反，对科学知识生产的社会方面的排他性聚焦忽略了这些知识内容的客观特征，无论它们是诸如数学对象这样的思维对象，还是真实的物理 - 生物以及人类和社会世界的现象。这两种极端立场，尽管有些夸张，但为许多人所持有。它们表明在哲学、各门科学、科学史和通史之间缺乏或忽视了跨学科分析……
