Schott H
Ber Wiss. 1997;20(4):287-95. doi: 10.1002/bewi.19970200402.
The Discovery of the Unconscious by Henri F. Ellenberger has become a common topic in the historiography of (dynamic) psychiatry. But many users of this term have still the opinion that Sigmund Freud was the unique discoverer. In reality there was a scientific context at the fin de siècle, which corresponded intensively with Freud's original concepts and formed their implications (e.g. Darwinism, Neurophysiology). Besides well-documented synchronic analogies Freud implanted diachronic traditions within his psychoanalytic theory. Especially, his main work The Interpretation of Dreams implied Greek mythology as well as natural philosophy of romanticism. Freuds special concepts like 'transfer' and 'resistance' have to be analysed as historical metaphors.
亨利·F·埃伦伯格所著的《无意识的发现》已成为（动态）精神病学史编纂中的一个常见话题。但许多使用该术语的人仍然认为西格蒙德·弗洛伊德是唯一的发现者。实际上，在世纪末存在一个科学背景，它与弗洛伊德的原始概念紧密对应并形成了其内涵（例如达尔文主义、神经生理学）。除了有充分文献记载的共时类比外，弗洛伊德在其精神分析理论中融入了历时传统。特别是，他的主要著作《梦的解析》蕴含着希腊神话以及浪漫主义的自然哲学。弗洛伊德的特殊概念，如“移情”和“阻抗”，必须作为历史隐喻来分析。
