Westerling B
Anat Anz. 1975;137(3):178-86.
The intestinal anatomy of fallow deer (Dama dama), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), and elk (Alces alces) was studied. Special attention was given to the spiral loop of the ascending colon and the proportional length of the small and large intestines. The spiral loop of the ascending colon is wound 3-3 1/2 turns in the fallow deer, 2-3 turns in the white-tailed deer, 5 1/2-7 turns in the reindeer and 3-4 turns in the elk. The distal half of the last centrifugal turn of the spiral loop, regularly has one additional loop in the ventro-caudal quadrant of the mesenterial disc in the white-tailed deer, and one, or sometimes two such loops in the reindeer. In the elk this part of the gut usually constitutes a greater part of the spiral loop than the coil proper, and runs in several irregular loops and small coils between the coil proper and the jejunal attachment. Irregular patterns of the coil proper are common, and occur in all four species. The mean relative length of the large intestine was about 52% of the small intestine in the reindeer and 55-57% in the other species, which indicates, that significant differences in gut proportions do not exist in the deer species studied, perhaps with an exception for the reindeer.
对黇鹿（Dama dama）、白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）、驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）和驼鹿（Alces alces）的肠道解剖结构进行了研究。特别关注了升结肠的螺旋袢以及小肠和大肠的比例长度。升结肠的螺旋袢在黇鹿中缠绕3 - 3.5圈，在白尾鹿中缠绕2 - 3圈，在驯鹿中缠绕5.5 - 7圈，在驼鹿中缠绕3 - 4圈。在白尾鹿中，螺旋袢最后一个离心袢的远端一半，在肠系膜盘的腹尾象限通常有一个额外的袢，而在驯鹿中有一个，有时有两个这样的袢。在驼鹿中，肠道的这一部分通常比螺旋袢本身的盘绕部分在螺旋袢中占更大比例，并在螺旋袢本身和空肠附着处之间以几个不规则的袢和小的盘绕形式存在。螺旋袢本身的不规则模式很常见，并且在所有四个物种中都有出现。大肠的平均相对长度在驯鹿中约为小肠的52%，在其他物种中为55 - 57%，这表明在所研究的鹿类物种中，肠道比例不存在显著差异，驯鹿可能是个例外。
