Bruning-Fann C S, Shank K L, Kaneene J B
Population Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1314, USA.
Vet Res. 1997 May-Jun;28(3):295-302.
A study was designed to determine the species composition, disease period prevalence, and utilization of preventive practices in captive cervid herds in Michigan. This is the first description of cervid farming in the United States. Data for the 12 months preceding the study were collected by means of a mail questionnaire conducted from March 3 through June 28, 1993. Completed questionnaires were returned by 228 of 362 (63%) farms. Study respondents reported ownership of a total of 4972 (80.9%) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), 766 (12.5%) elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis), 284 (4.6%) fallow deer (Dama dama), 114 (1.9%) sika deer (Cervus nippon), 6 (0.1%) red deer (Cervus elaphus), 4 (< 0.1%) axis deer (Axis axis), and 2 (< 0.1%) caribou (Rangifer tarandus). The respondents provided disease data for 5493 captive cervids. The most frequent categories of illness in captive cervids (as determined by the period prevalence rates for the 12 months preceding the study) were injuries (1.9%), respiratory disorders (1.1%), foot and leg problems (1.0%), stress due to handling or transport (0.8%), and dystocia (0.8%). The most frequent causes of death were injuries (1.0%), respiratory disorders (0.8%), stress due to handling or transport (0.7%), and unknown causes (0.7%). Use of anthelmintics was reported by 173 of 219 (79%) farms. Only 13% [28/215] vaccinated their cervids. One hundred and fifty-nine of 219 farms reported having a veterinarian who provides cervid consultation. Services provided by these veterinarians include general consultation (58.5% [93/159]), treatment of injuries (27.7% [44/159]), anthelmintic administration (25.2% [40/159]), issuance of health certificates (19.5% [31/159]), diagnosis and treatment of illnesses (17.6% [28/159]), vaccination (13.8% [22/159]), disease diagnosis (treatment provided by farmer) (8.8% [14/159]), foot care (3.8% [6/159]), and other purposes (ie, necropsy, dystocia, antler removal) (11.3% [18/159]).
一项研究旨在确定密歇根州圈养鹿群的物种组成、疾病期间患病率以及预防措施的使用情况。这是美国对鹿养殖的首次描述。在1993年3月3日至6月28日期间，通过邮寄问卷的方式收集了研究前12个月的数据。362个农场中有228个（63%）返回了完整的问卷。参与研究的受访者报告共拥有4972头（80.9%）白尾鹿（弗吉尼亚鹿）、766头（12.5%）麋鹿（加拿大马鹿）、284头（4.6%）黇鹿、114头（1.9%）梅花鹿、6头（0.1%）马鹿、4头（<0.1%）花鹿和2头（<0.1%）驯鹿。受访者提供了5493头圈养鹿的疾病数据。圈养鹿中最常见的疾病类别（根据研究前12个月的期间患病率确定）是受伤（1.9%）、呼吸系统疾病（1.1%）、足部和腿部问题（1.0%）、处理或运输引起的应激（0.8%）以及难产（0.8%）。最常见的死亡原因是受伤（1.0%）、呼吸系统疾病（0.8%）、处理或运输引起的应激（0.7%）以及不明原因（0.7%）。219个农场中有173个（79%）报告使用了驱虫药。只有13%[28/215]给鹿接种了疫苗。219个农场中有159个报告有提供鹿咨询服务的兽医。这些兽医提供的服务包括一般咨询（58.5%[93/159]）、受伤治疗（27.7%[44/159]）、驱虫药施用（25.2%[40/159]）、发放健康证书（19.5%[31/159]）、疾病诊断和治疗（17.6%[28/159]）、疫苗接种（13.8%[22/159]）、疾病诊断（由农场主提供治疗）（8.8%[14/159]）、足部护理（3.8%[6/159]）以及其他目的（即尸检、难产、鹿茸摘除）（11.3%[18/159]）。
