Chattopadhayya A
Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad. 1993;23(1):53-8.
According to medical investigations tobacco smoking causes cancer of lip, tongue, tonsil and other parts of the mouth. And also lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, coronary artery diseases and emphysema are caused by cigarette smoking. Three contemporary rulers, emperor Jahangir of India, James I of England and Shah Abbas I of Persia noticed the harmful effects of tobacco and tried to stop this practice. Khalil Pasha issued a prohibitory decree against smoking tobacco and he announced that anybody caught smoking would have his lips cut and eyes taken out. In 1044 Hijri, Russia also passed certain regulations against smoking. In India Guru Govind Singh prohibited tobacco smoking for the members of the Sikh community. He said "Wine is bad; Indian hemp (bhang) destroyth one generation; but tobacco destroyth all generations'.
根据医学调查，吸烟会导致唇部、舌部、扁桃体及口腔其他部位的癌症。此外，肺癌、慢性支气管炎、冠状动脉疾病和肺气肿也是由吸烟引起的。三位同时代的统治者，印度的贾汗吉尔皇帝、英国的詹姆斯一世和波斯的阿巴斯一世注意到了烟草的有害影响，并试图阻止这种行为。哈利勒·帕夏发布了一项禁止吸烟的法令，他宣布任何被抓到吸烟的人将被割掉嘴唇并挖出眼睛。在回历1044年，俄罗斯也通过了某些禁烟规定。在印度，古鲁·戈文德·辛格禁止锡克教社区的成员吸烟。他说：“酒是坏东西；印度大麻毁掉一代人；但烟草毁掉所有世代。”
