Urbanek B
Kwart Hist Nauki Tech. 1994;39(3-4):27-37.
The beginning of the 1830s sees the appearance of a specialist approach to psychiatric topics in Polish scientific writing. The author discusses the two first scientific works in the field. The first is the little publicized and underestimated--in Polish historiography--work by the physician Józef Jakubowski of Cracow. The dissertation, entitled O metodzie psychicnej (On the psychic method), appeared in print in 1831. The other work discussed is the hitherto unknown manuscript of the dissertation O porzadku w domu zdrowia (On order in the health-house) written by professor Józef Korzeniowski of Vilna in the 1840s. Both works describe a new direction in Polish medicine, namely the "moral therapy" in the treatment of the mentally ill, which developed against the background of reminiscences of the Enlightenment and the emerging romanticism. The article analyzes the substance of the dissertations, which illustrate the contemporary state of knowledge, and the possibilities and conditions of treatment leading to a recovery of mental health. The two works also give an idea of attempts to define the developing terminology concerned with the concept of mental illness and with diseases recognized at the time. They reflect as well the social status of the mentally ill person. Above all, however, they supply information on the recommended methods and procedures in "moral therapy".
19世纪30年代初，波兰科学著作中出现了一种研究精神病学主题的专业方法。作者讨论了该领域最早的两部科学著作。第一部是克拉科夫医生约瑟夫·雅库博夫斯基鲜为人知且在波兰史学界被低估的著作。这篇题为《论心理方法》的论文于1831年出版。另一部被讨论的著作是维尔纳的约瑟夫·科热尼奥夫斯基教授在19世纪40年代撰写的迄今未知的论文手稿《论健康之屋的秩序》。这两部著作都描述了波兰医学的一个新方向，即在启蒙运动的回忆和新兴浪漫主义背景下发展起来的治疗精神疾病的“道德疗法”。文章分析了论文的实质内容，这些内容说明了当时的知识状况，以及实现心理健康恢复的治疗可能性和条件。这两部著作还让我们了解了试图界定与精神疾病概念以及当时公认疾病相关的不断发展的术语的尝试。它们也反映了精神病人的社会地位。然而，最重要的是，它们提供了“道德疗法”中推荐方法和程序的信息。
