[Towards a history of psychoanalysis].

The history of psychoanalytical ideas and practices is not identical to the history of the psychoanalytical movement. The emergence of different schools of psychoanalysis, all claiming direct lineage to Freud, poses a complex historical and epistemological problem that deserves to be carefully studied. The contribution of this article is to propose several methodological markers for defining what constitutes a school of psychoanalysis. It demonstrates the importance of taking into account the clinical matrices favored by each school, the different cultural climates that have received psychoanalysis outside of German speaking countries, and the different ways of reinterpreting Freud's work determined by the combination of the first two factors.