Bacciottini L, Passani M B, Mannaioni P F, Blandina P
Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Universitá di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
Behav Brain Res. 2001 Oct 15;124(2):183-94. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00230-3.
The aim of this review is to survey biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral evidence of the interactions between the cholinergic and histaminergic systems and evaluate their possible involvement in cognitive processes. The cholinergic system has long been implicated in cognition, and there is a plethora of data showing that cholinergic deficits parallel cognitive impairments in animal models and those accompanying neurodegenerative diseases or normal aging in humans. Several other neurotransmitters, though, are clearly implicated in cognitive processes and interact with the cholinergic system. The neuromodulatory effect that histamine exerts on acetylcholine release is complex and multifarious. There is clear evidence indicating that histamine controls the release of central acetylcholine (ACh) locally in the cortex and amygdala, and activating cholinergic neurones in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) and the medial septal area-diagonal band that project to the cortex and to the hippocampus, respectively. Extensive experimental evidence supports the involvement of histamine in learning and memory and the procognitive effects of H(3) receptor antagonists. However, any attempt to strictly correlate cholinergic/histaminergic interactions with behavioral outcomes without taking into account the contribution of other neurotransmitter systems is illegitimate. Our understanding of the role of histamine in learning and memory is still at its dawn, but progresses are being made to the point of suggesting potential treatment strategies that may produce beneficial effects on neurodegenerative disorders associated with impaired cholinergic function.
本综述的目的是调查胆碱能系统与组胺能系统相互作用的生化、电生理及行为学证据，并评估它们在认知过程中可能发挥的作用。胆碱能系统长期以来一直被认为与认知有关，大量数据表明，在动物模型以及人类伴随神经退行性疾病或正常衰老出现的认知障碍中，胆碱能缺陷与认知损害并行。然而，其他几种神经递质也明显与认知过程有关，并与胆碱能系统相互作用。组胺对乙酰胆碱释放产生的神经调节作用复杂多样。有明确证据表明，组胺在皮质和杏仁核局部控制中枢乙酰胆碱（ACh）的释放，并激活分别投射到皮质和海马体的大细胞基底核（NBM）以及内侧隔区-斜角带中的胆碱能神经元。大量实验证据支持组胺参与学习和记忆以及H(3)受体拮抗剂的促认知作用。然而，在不考虑其他神经递质系统作用的情况下，任何试图将胆碱能/组胺能相互作用与行为结果严格关联起来的做法都是不合理的。我们对组胺在学习和记忆中作用的理解仍处于起步阶段，但正在取得进展，已达到提出可能对与胆碱能功能受损相关的神经退行性疾病产生有益影响的潜在治疗策略的程度。
