Steckler T, Sahgal A
MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Behav Brain Res. 1995 Mar;67(2):165-99. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(94)00157-b.
Cholinergic systems have been linked to cognitive processes such as attention, learning and mnemonic function. However, other neurotransmitter systems, such as the serotonergic one, which may have only minor effects on cognitive function on their own, interact with cholinergic function and their combined effects may have marked behavioural actions. Some studies have dealt with serotonergic-cholinergic interactions, but it is unclear whether both systems affect cognition directly or whether interactions at a behavioural level result from additional alterations in non-cognitive factors. This distinction is difficult, since it is possible that the diverse cholinergic and serotonergic systems serve different roles in the mediation of cognitive processes, both at the neuroanatomical and neurochemical level. Nevertheless, it is possible that cholinergic systems primarily alter accuracy in cognitive tasks, whereas serotonergic neurotransmission modulates behaviour by altering bias (motivation, motor processes). Whether serotonin alters accuracy or bias, however, may also depend on the cognitive process under investigation: it is suggested that attention, stimulus processing and/or arousal can be influenced by both cholinergic and serotonergic systems independently from each other. Cholinergic and serotonergic projections to cortex and thalamus may be of importance in the mediation of these cognitive processes. Serotonergic-cholinergic interactions could also be of importance in the mediation of learning processes and trial-by-trial working memory. The data available do not allow an unambiguous conclusion about the role of these interactive processes in the mediation of long-term reference memory. These processes may rely on serotonergic-cholinergic interactions at the hippocampal level. It is concluded that serotonergic-cholinergic interactions play an important role in the mediation of behavioural, including cognitive, performance, but that further studies are necessary in order to elucidate the exact nature of these interactions.
胆碱能系统已与诸如注意力、学习和记忆功能等认知过程相关联。然而，其他神经递质系统，比如血清素能系统，其自身可能对认知功能仅有轻微影响，但会与胆碱能功能相互作用，且它们的联合作用可能会产生显著的行为效应。一些研究已探讨了血清素能 - 胆碱能相互作用，但尚不清楚这两个系统是直接影响认知，还是行为层面的相互作用源于非认知因素的额外改变。这种区分很困难，因为不同的胆碱能和血清素能系统在神经解剖学和神经化学层面可能在认知过程的介导中发挥不同作用。尽管如此，胆碱能系统可能主要改变认知任务的准确性，而血清素能神经传递则通过改变偏差（动机、运动过程）来调节行为。然而，血清素是否改变准确性或偏差，可能还取决于所研究的认知过程：有人认为注意力、刺激处理和 / 或唤醒可由胆碱能和血清素能系统彼此独立地影响。胆碱能和血清素能向皮质和丘脑的投射在这些认知过程的介导中可能很重要。血清素能 - 胆碱能相互作用在学习过程和逐次试验的工作记忆的介导中也可能很重要。现有数据无法就这些交互过程在长期参考记忆介导中的作用得出明确结论。这些过程可能依赖于海马水平的血清素能 - 胆碱能相互作用。得出的结论是，血清素能 - 胆碱能相互作用在行为（包括认知）表现的介导中起重要作用，但为了阐明这些相互作用的确切性质，还需要进一步研究。
