Macklin Ruth
Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 1994 Sep;4(3):209-25. doi: 10.1353/ken.0.0161.
Neither the George Washington University embryo splitting experiment nor the technique of embryo splitting itself has ethical flaws. The experiment harmed or wronged no one, and the investigators followed intramural review procedures for the experiment, although some might fault them for failing to seek extramural consultation or for not waiting until national guidelines for research on preembryos were developed. Ethical objections to such cloning on the basis of possible loss of individuality, possible lessening of individual worth, and concern about potential harm to the resulting children are discussed and challenged, as are objections to the creation of embryos for the purpose of genetic diagnosis. Many of the ethical questions raised by the George Washington experiment are similar to those posed by existing reproductive technologies that allow the simultaneous production of several embryos. A multidisciplinary group should consider whether regulation of cloning is needed, and laws should be enacted to prohibit a commercial market for all frozen embryos.
乔治·华盛顿大学的胚胎分裂实验以及胚胎分裂技术本身都不存在伦理缺陷。该实验没有伤害任何人或对任何人造成不公，研究人员遵循了实验的校内审查程序，尽管有些人可能会指责他们没有寻求校外咨询，或者没有等到关于胚胎前体研究的国家指导方针制定出来。文中讨论并质疑了基于可能丧失个性、可能降低个人价值以及对由此产生的儿童可能受到伤害的担忧而对这种克隆提出的伦理反对意见，同样也讨论并质疑了出于基因诊断目的而创造胚胎的反对意见。乔治·华盛顿大学实验引发的许多伦理问题与现有允许同时产生多个胚胎的生殖技术所引发的问题相似。一个多学科小组应该考虑是否需要对克隆进行监管，并且应该制定法律来禁止所有冷冻胚胎的商业市场。
