Schultz Karoly
Bioethics. 1993 Jan;7(1):41-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.1993.tb00270.x.
The four compared surveys clearly show that paediatricians from different backgrounds encounter these moral dilemmas in their everyday practice. Hungarian paediatricians facing morally significant decisions of discontinuation of treatment in defective newborns were permissive toward passive euthanasia like their Australian and Canadian colleagues, but were almost unanimously against active euthanasia like their Polish colleagues. The results of our study revealed a strong paternalistic attitude among Hungarian doctors, unwillingness to include other professionals in a discussion of moral problems and neglect of the nurses' views in these matters. Many physicians in the Hungarian study group were not aware of the legal ramifications in such cases. These findings were similar to the results of the Polish study. It is plausible that the paternalistic attitude and ignorance of the relevant law is common in all 'former' socialist countries. The Australian, Canadian and Hungarian doctors displayed more understanding and tolerance towards passive euthanasia. Many physicians in all study groups seemed to be not familiar with the legal regulations of their own country. The paediatricians of the four studies showed the greatest difference in their attitudes towards active euthanasia, with the Australian community being more permissive, the Canadian, Polish and Hungarian community rejecting it.
这四项对比调查清楚地表明，来自不同背景的儿科医生在日常工作中都会遇到这些道德困境。面临对有缺陷新生儿停止治疗这一重大道德决策的匈牙利儿科医生，与澳大利亚和加拿大同行一样，对被动安乐死持宽容态度，但与波兰同行一样，几乎一致反对主动安乐死。我们的研究结果显示，匈牙利医生中存在强烈的家长式态度，不愿意让其他专业人员参与道德问题的讨论，且在这些问题上忽视护士的观点。匈牙利研究组的许多医生并不清楚此类案件的法律后果。这些发现与波兰的研究结果相似。在所有“前”社会主义国家，家长式态度和对相关法律的无知可能很常见。澳大利亚、加拿大和匈牙利的医生对被动安乐死表现出更多的理解和宽容。所有研究组的许多医生似乎都不熟悉本国的法律法规。四项研究中的儿科医生在对主动安乐死的态度上差异最大，澳大利亚群体更为宽容，而加拿大、波兰和匈牙利群体则持反对态度。
