Behnke J M, Barnard C J, Bajer A, Bray D, Dinmore J, Frake K, Osmond J, Race T, Sinski E
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, UK.
Parasitology. 2001 Oct;123(Pt 4):401-14. doi: 10.1017/s0031182001008605.
We tested the null hypothesis that populations of hosts trapped in isolated neighbouring locations showing comparable habitat quality, should support similar helminth parasite communities. The study was undertaken in a 2-week period in late summer in NE Poland in a single year, thereby eliminating seasonal and between-year variation in parasite burdens. A total of 139 Clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole) were sampled from 3 forest sites of similar habitat quality. Total species richness was 11 (6 nematodes and 5 cestodes) with 85.6% of the voles carrying at least 1 species and an overall mean species richness of 1.4. At the component community level, the fewest species of helminths were recorded from site 2 (n = 6, compared with 9 at each of the other sites), but site 3 had the lowest Berger-Parker Dominance Index and the highest Simpson's Index of Diversity. At the infracommunity level, site 3 had the highest mean no. of helminth species/vole, the highest mean Brillouin's Index of Diversity but the lowest mean no. of helminths/vole. Voles from sites 1 and 3 differed in the nematodes that were most common (site 1, Heligmosum mixtum-95%; site 3, Heligmosomoides glareoli -79.3%). At site 2 no species exceeded 50% but prevalence of Syphacia petrusewiczi was higher than at the other sites. The prevalence of cestodes was too low to test reliably (12.%), but the highest prevalence of adult cestodes was recorded at site 1 (22.5% compared with 4.9 and 1.7% for sites 2 and 3 respectively). Host sex did not influence infection, but mean species richness increased with age. The different sites were responsible for most of the variation in our data, and the intrinsic factors (sex and age) were less important in shaping the component community structure of helminths. We conclude that even locations in relative close proximity to one another (13-25 km), selected on the basis of similar habitat quality, have rodent populations that differ in their helminth parasite communities, although for reasons other than the factors quantified in the present study.
我们检验了零假设，即被困在栖息地质量相当的相邻孤立地点的宿主种群，应拥有相似的蠕虫寄生虫群落。该研究于某一年夏末在波兰东北部进行，为期两周，从而消除了寄生虫负荷的季节性和年间变化。从3个栖息地质量相似的森林地点共采集了139只棕背䶄（林姬鼠）。总物种丰富度为11种（6种线虫和5种绦虫），85.6%的田鼠携带至少1种寄生虫，总体平均物种丰富度为1.4种。在群落组成水平上，地点2记录到的蠕虫物种最少（n = 6种，而其他每个地点为9种），但地点3的伯杰 - 帕克优势度指数最低，辛普森多样性指数最高。在小群落水平上，地点3的平均蠕虫物种数/田鼠最高，平均布里渊多样性指数最高，但平均蠕虫数/田鼠最低。地点1和田鼠3的田鼠在最常见的线虫种类上存在差异（地点1，混合类圆线虫 - 95%；地点3，格氏类圆线虫 - 79.3%）。在地点2，没有任何物种超过50%，但彼得鲁维茨管圆线虫的感染率高于其他地点。绦虫的感染率过低，无法进行可靠测试（12.%），但成年绦虫的最高感染率记录在地点1（22.5%，地点2和3分别为4.9%和1.7%）。宿主性别不影响感染，但平均物种丰富度随年龄增加。不同地点是我们数据中大部分变异的原因，而内在因素（性别和年龄）在塑造蠕虫群落组成结构方面不太重要。我们得出结论，即使是基于相似栖息地质量选择的彼此相对靠近（13 - 25公里）的地点，其啮齿动物种群的蠕虫寄生虫群落也存在差异，尽管原因并非本研究中量化的因素。
