Di Nardo R, Marziale P, Ajassa C, Tzantzoglou S, De Nuzzo M G, Drudi F M, David V
Istituto di Radiologia Centrale, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Umberto I, Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Radiol Med. 2001 Sep;102(3):138-42.
To evaluate the role of sonography (US) in the evaluation of parotid gland alterations in HIV+ children, in order to show their presence, severity, specificity, relationship with clinical and laboratory data and sensitivity to new drugs.
From June 2000 to December 2000 twenty-two consecutive HIV+ children (12 males and 10 females, mean age 9.7) undergoing HAART were prospectively examined with US. A multi-frequency linear probe (7.5-10 MHz) was used for the examination. The glands were assessed for alterations in gland volume and vasculature, hypoechoic foci, hyperechoic striae, lympho-epithelial cysts and solid nodules and the enlargement of intraparotid and adjacent lympho nodes. The US findings on HIV+ patients were compared with the patients'clinical and laboratory data and with US exams performed on HIV- children. Finally, we made a comparison with US exams performed on the same patients before HAART:
In HIV+ children the most frequent US findings were hypoechoic foci (68.2% of patients), hyperechoic striae (68.2%) and the enlargement of intraparotid and adjacent lympho nodes (86.3% and 95.4%, respectively). No relationship between US outline and clinical and laboratory data was found. In the control group (HIV-negative children) hypoechoic foci and hyperechoic striae were rare (4.7% and 14.3%, respectively), while the enlargement of intraparotid and adjacent lympho nodes was very common (76.2% and 100%, respectively). The comparison with US exams performed on the same patients before HAART showed an improvement in 59.1% of patients, no improvement in 13.6% and a worsening in 13.6% (3 patients were lost to follow-up).
US is useful in the study of parotid gland alterations in HIV+ children. The most frequent specific US findings were hypoechoic foci and hyperechoic striae, whereas the enlargement of intraparotid and adjacent lympho nodes was frequent but completely aspecific. The analysis of results did not show any relationship between the US findings and clinical and laboratory data. HAART can be correlated to an improvement and/or a stabilization of the US pattern in most patients.
评估超声检查（US）在评估HIV阳性儿童腮腺改变中的作用，以明确其存在情况、严重程度、特异性、与临床及实验室数据的关系以及对新药的敏感性。
2000年6月至2000年12月，对22例连续接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）的HIV阳性儿童（12例男性，10例女性，平均年龄9.7岁）进行前瞻性超声检查。使用多频率线性探头（7.5 - 10MHz）进行检查。评估腮腺的腺体体积和血管系统改变、低回声灶、高回声条纹、淋巴上皮囊肿、实性结节以及腮腺内和相邻淋巴结的肿大情况。将HIV阳性患者的超声检查结果与患者的临床及实验室数据以及对HIV阴性儿童进行的超声检查结果进行比较。最后，将其与HAART治疗前对同一患者进行的超声检查结果进行比较。
在HIV阳性儿童中，最常见的超声检查结果为低回声灶（68.2%的患者）、高回声条纹（68.2%）以及腮腺内和相邻淋巴结肿大（分别为86.3%和95.4%）。未发现超声检查结果与临床及实验室数据之间存在关联。在对照组（HIV阴性儿童）中，低回声灶和高回声条纹较少见（分别为4.7%和14.3%），而腮腺内和相邻淋巴结肿大非常常见（分别为76.2%和100%）。与HAART治疗前对同一患者进行的超声检查结果比较显示，59.1%的患者病情改善，13.6%无改善，13.6%病情恶化（3例患者失访）。
超声检查对研究HIV阳性儿童的腮腺改变有用。最常见的特异性超声检查结果为低回声灶和高回声条纹，而腮腺内和相邻淋巴结肿大虽常见但完全不具特异性。结果分析未显示超声检查结果与临床及实验室数据之间存在任何关联。在大多数患者中，HAART治疗可使超声图像得到改善和/或稳定。
