Wolff J R, Schieweck C, Emmenegger H, Meier-Ruge W
Acta Neuropathol. 1975;31(1):45-58. doi: 10.1007/BF00696886.
Cardiac glycosides which inhibit Na/K-ATPase (ouabain, scilliroside, scillirosidin) as well as heparin and histamine were infused into a cannulated branch of the middle cerebral artery or by isolated head perfusion in cats and dogs. Ouabain permeating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) caused the same selective swelling of astrocytes and of certain presynaptic elements as after direct application to the brain tissue. The other cellular elements of brain tissue and the vascular endothelium did not react, although the latter was exposed to the highest drug concentrations (about 10-3 M ouabain). By the swelling about one third of the capillaries became more or less constricted accompanied by an increase in endothelial vesiculation and in the number of osmiophilic inclusions in all cells of the vascular wall and of the pericapillary tissue. Osmiophilic material resembling plasma proteins occured in widened intercellular clefts indicating an increased BBB permeability after survival times (40 min). In contrast to the capillaries some terminal vessels are dilated which may correspond to shunt vessels causing an inhomogeneous, even increased cerebral blood flow after ouabain. Scilliroside and scillirosidin cause essentially the same changes as ouabain, but of smaller intensity and extent. In the present study, neither histamine nor heparin caused any structural change of the vessels or brain tissue.
将抑制钠钾 - ATP酶的强心苷（哇巴因、海葱苷、海葱次苷）以及肝素和组胺注入猫和狗大脑中动脉的插管分支或通过离体头部灌注。哇巴因透过血脑屏障（BBB）后，会导致星形胶质细胞和某些突触前成分出现与直接应用于脑组织后相同的选择性肿胀。脑组织的其他细胞成分和血管内皮没有反应，尽管后者暴露于最高药物浓度（约10 - 3 M哇巴因）。通过肿胀，约三分之一的毛细血管或多或少会收缩，同时血管壁和毛细血管周围组织的所有细胞内的内皮小泡形成增加，嗜锇性内含物数量增多。在存活时间（40分钟）后，在增宽的细胞间裂隙中出现了类似血浆蛋白的嗜锇性物质，表明血脑屏障通透性增加。与毛细血管不同，一些终末血管扩张，这可能对应于分流血管，导致哇巴因给药后大脑血流不均匀，甚至增加。海葱苷和海葱次苷引起的变化与哇巴因基本相同，但强度和程度较小。在本研究中，组胺和肝素均未引起血管或脑组织的任何结构变化。
