Kryscio A, Ulrich Müller W U, Wojcik A, Kotschy N, Grobelny S, Streffer C
Institut für Medizinische Strahlenbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2001 Nov;77(11):1087-93. doi: 10.1080/09553000110070289.
To assess the long-term effect of radiation exposure of uranium miners on a cytogenetic endpoint: micronuclei (Mn) with and without a centromere.
Mn were scored using the cytochalasin-B technique. It is known that Mn can comprise acentric fragments or/and whole chromosomes. Mn containing whole chromosomes were identified by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a centromere-specific probe. The frequency and percentage of Mn were analysed with centromeres (MnC+) in lymphocytes of healthy donors and uranium miners with large radiation exposures several decades ago employed by the Wismut AG in the former German Democratic Republic. The miners were subdivided into those with and those without bronchial carcinoma.
It was shown previously that the relative frequency of MnC+ decreased with dose; this means that the number of Mn originating from acentric fragments increases. In the study presented here, no statistically significant difference in the overall Mn frequency was seen between the analysed groups. The fraction of MnC+, however, was highest in lymphocytes of healthy male donors (mean: 74.6%) followed by healthy miners (mean: 62.1%) and those suffering from cancer (mean: 55.8%).
The results indicate the occurrence of a genomic instability in lymphocytes of miners, especially those with cancer. It appears that the low percentage of MnC+ may be a marker of genomic instability and cancer predisposition.
评估铀矿工人辐射暴露对细胞遗传学终点——有无着丝粒的微核（Mn）的长期影响。
使用细胞松弛素-B技术对微核进行计分。已知微核可包含无着丝粒片段或/和整条染色体。通过使用着丝粒特异性探针的荧光原位杂交（FISH）来鉴定含有整条染色体的微核。分析了健康供者以及数十年前在前德意志民主共和国受雇于维斯穆特公司且有大量辐射暴露的铀矿工人淋巴细胞中有着丝粒的微核（MnC+）的频率和百分比。这些矿工被分为患支气管癌和未患支气管癌两组。
先前已表明，MnC+的相对频率随剂量降低；这意味着源自无着丝粒片段的微核数量增加。在本研究中，各分析组之间的总体微核频率未观察到统计学上的显著差异。然而，MnC+的比例在健康男性供者淋巴细胞中最高（平均：74.6%），其次是健康矿工（平均：62.1%）和患癌症的矿工（平均：55.8%）。
结果表明矿工淋巴细胞中存在基因组不稳定，尤其是患癌症的矿工。MnC+比例较低似乎可能是基因组不稳定和癌症易感性的一个标志。
