Booth L H, O'Halloran K
CENTOX, Landcare Research, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2001 Nov;20(11):2494-502. doi: 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2494:acobri>2.0.co;2.
Three biomarkers in Aporrectodea caliginosa Savigny were evaluated for their ability to detect exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, and these physiological responses were related to effects on growth and life-table parameters. Adult and juvenile earthworms were exposed to a laboratory-simulated field rate (low concentration) and a higher sublethal concentration of diazinon and chlorpyrifos. After a four-week exposure, juveniles were evaluated for cholinesterase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity, and growth, and adults were evaluated for the lysosomal neutral red retention assay (NRRA) and growth. Cholinesterase activity and the NRRA were more sensitive than growth in each age group for detecting exposure to the pesticides. Life-table parameters were evaluated in earthworms exposed as juveniles and as adults. Maturation was less sensitive to pesticides than was cocoon production. Growth and cocoon production in earthworms exposed as juveniles appeared to be more sensitive to organophosphorus insecticides than earthworms exposed as adults. Life-table responses in juveniles may, therefore, be more predictive of long-term impacts of organophosphorus insecticide applications on populations than responses in adults. Biomarker responses occurred at similar or lower concentrations than those causing an adverse effect on cocoon production and cocoon viability, indicating their usefulness in risk assessment for predicting ecologically relevant assessment end points.
对暗色真蚓（Aporrectodea caliginosa Savigny）中的三种生物标志物进行了评估，以检测其对有机磷杀虫剂暴露的检测能力，并且这些生理反应与对生长和生命表参数的影响相关。成年和幼年蚯蚓暴露于实验室模拟的田间剂量（低浓度）以及较高的地亚农和毒死蜱亚致死浓度。经过四周的暴露后，对幼年蚯蚓进行胆碱酯酶活性、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性和生长的评估，对成年蚯蚓进行溶酶体中性红保留试验（NRRA）和生长的评估。在每个年龄组中，胆碱酯酶活性和NRRA在检测农药暴露方面比生长更敏感。对幼年和成年暴露的蚯蚓进行了生命表参数评估。成熟对农药的敏感性低于茧的产生。幼年暴露的蚯蚓的生长和茧的产生似乎比成年暴露的蚯蚓对有机磷杀虫剂更敏感。因此，幼年蚯蚓的生命表反应可能比成年蚯蚓的反应更能预测有机磷杀虫剂应用对种群的长期影响。生物标志物反应发生的浓度与对茧的产生和茧的活力产生不利影响的浓度相似或更低，表示它们在预测生态相关评估终点的风险评估中有用。
