Ghazifard A, Kasra-Kermanshahi R, Etemadifar Z
Faculty of Sciences, Esfahan University, Iran.
Waste Manag Res. 2001 Jun;19(3):257-61. doi: 10.1177/0734242X0101900307.
The thermophilic and mesophilic microbiota in compost produced from Esfahan municipal solid waste were examined at different stages of composting process from day zero to 28 days and was conducted in four different seasons. Some of the mesophilic bacteria observed in initial stages of composting process were gram negative Escherichia, Klebsiella, Aeromonas and Alcaligenes, and gram positive Enterococcus and Bacillus species. After 20 days of the composting process lower species diversity of mesophiles (only Bacillus species) were isolated, which was most likely due to the high temperature (60-68 degrees C) condition. Some of the observed thermophilic bacteria at later stages of the process are: Bacillus subtilis, B. polymyxa, B. pumilus, B. sphaericus, and B. licheniformis from thermotolerants, and B. stearothermophilus, B. acidocaldarius, and B. schleglii from thermophiles. Among the mesophilic fungi, at the initial stages of composting process some types of yeasts and molds were isolated, but after day 20 due to high temperature condition (60-68 degrees C), no mesophilic fungi were obtained. On the 15th day of composting the highest diversity of thermotolerant fungi such as Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus, and Absidiae spp. were observed. The results indicated that, in order to obtain a sanitary product in cold seasons, the composting process needs a longer duration and fewer turnings.
对伊斯法罕城市固体废物堆肥过程中嗜热微生物群和中温微生物群在从第零天到第28天的不同阶段进行了检测，并在四个不同季节开展了此项研究。堆肥过程初始阶段观察到的一些中温细菌包括革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌、气单胞菌和产碱菌，以及革兰氏阳性的肠球菌和芽孢杆菌属。堆肥过程20天后，分离出的中温菌物种多样性降低（仅芽孢杆菌属），这很可能是由于高温（60 - 68摄氏度）条件所致。该过程后期观察到的一些嗜热细菌有：耐热菌中的枯草芽孢杆菌、多粘芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌，以及嗜热菌中的嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、嗜酸热硫化叶菌和施氏芽孢杆菌。在中温真菌方面，堆肥过程初始阶段分离出了一些酵母和霉菌类型，但在第20天后，由于高温条件（60 - 68摄氏度），未获得中温真菌。在堆肥第15天，观察到耐热真菌如枝孢菌、曲霉、毛霉、根霉和犁头霉属的最高多样性。结果表明，为了在寒冷季节获得卫生产品，堆肥过程需要更长的持续时间和更少的翻堆次数。
