Kamm R D
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 1999;1:47-72. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.1.1.47.
The dimensions, composition, and stiffness of the airway wall are important determinants of airway cross-sectional area during dynamic collapse in a forced expiration or when airway smooth muscle is constricted. Under these circumstances, airway caliber is determined by an interaction between the forces acting to open the airway (parenchymal tension and wall stiffness) and those acting to close it (smooth-muscle force and surface tension at the inner gas-liquid interface). Experimental measurements and theoretical models of the airway tube law (relationship between cross-sectional area and transmural pressure) are presented. Data are presented for the elastic properties of the wall tissue. Simulations of airway constriction in normal and asthmatic airways are discussed. To the extent possible, comparisons are presented between the various models and existing experimental data.
气道壁的尺寸、组成和硬度是用力呼气时动态塌陷或气道平滑肌收缩时气道横截面积的重要决定因素。在这些情况下，气道口径由作用于打开气道的力（实质组织张力和壁硬度）与作用于关闭气道的力（平滑肌力和气液界面处的表面张力）之间的相互作用决定。本文介绍了气道管定律（横截面积与跨壁压之间的关系）的实验测量和理论模型。给出了壁组织弹性特性的数据。讨论了正常气道和哮喘气道中气道收缩的模拟。尽可能对各种模型与现有实验数据进行比较。
