Grodzinsky A J, Levenston M E, Jin M, Frank E H
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2000;2:691-713. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.2.1.691.
Recent studies suggest that there are multiple regulatory pathways by which chondrocytes in articular cartilage sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, including upstream signaling pathways and mechanisms that may lead to direct changes at the level of transcription, translation, post-translational modifications, and cell-mediated extracellular assembly and degradation of the tissue matrix. This review focuses on the effects of mechanical loading on cartilage and the resulting chondrocyte-mediated biosynthesis, remodeling, degradation, and repair of this tissue. The effects of compression and tissue shear deformation are compared, and approaches to the study of mechanical regulation of gene expression are described. Of particular interest regarding dense connective tissues, recent experiments have shown that mechanotransduction is critically important in vivo in the cell-mediated feedback between physical stimuli, the molecular structure of newly synthesized matrix molecules, and the resulting macroscopic biomechanical properties of the tissue.
近期研究表明，关节软骨中的软骨细胞可通过多种调节途径感知并响应机械刺激，这些途径包括上游信号通路以及可能导致转录、翻译、翻译后修饰水平直接变化的机制，还有细胞介导的组织基质细胞外组装和降解。本综述聚焦于机械负荷对软骨的影响以及由此产生的软骨细胞介导的该组织生物合成、重塑、降解和修复。比较了压缩和组织剪切变形的影响，并描述了研究基因表达机械调节的方法。关于致密结缔组织，近期实验表明，机械转导在体内物理刺激、新合成基质分子的分子结构与组织宏观生物力学特性之间的细胞介导反馈中至关重要。
