Kaciuba-Uscilko H, Grucza R
Department of Applied Physiology, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001 Nov;4(6):533-6. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200111000-00012.
Women differ from men in thermal responses to exogenous heat load and heat loss as well as to endogenous heat load during exercise, because they usually have a larger ratio of body surface to body mass, a greater subcutaneous fat content, and lower exercise capacity. When these differences are eliminated in experimental studies, it appears that women's sweating response to heat load is still smaller than that of men, but they are able to maintain their core body temperature on a similar level to that of men as a result of greater evaporative efficiency of sweating. In addition, the changing rate of sex hormone release during the menstrual cycle modifies thermoregulation in women, so there are differences in resting body temperature and thermal responses to positive or negative heat loads depending on the phase of the cycle. In this review, the changes in thermoregulation in young women taking oral contraceptives and those associated with the menopause and hormonal replacement therapy are also described.
女性在对外源性热负荷和热散失以及运动期间内源性热负荷的热反应方面与男性不同，因为她们通常体表面积与体重的比值更大、皮下脂肪含量更高且运动能力更低。在实验研究中消除这些差异后，似乎女性对热负荷的出汗反应仍小于男性，但由于出汗的蒸发效率更高，她们能够将核心体温维持在与男性相似的水平。此外，月经周期中性激素释放的变化率会改变女性的体温调节，因此根据月经周期的阶段，静息体温以及对正或负热负荷的热反应存在差异。在这篇综述中，还描述了服用口服避孕药的年轻女性以及与绝经和激素替代疗法相关的体温调节变化。
