Hemming J M, Turner P K, Brooks B W, Waller W T, La Point T W
University of North Texas, Institute of Applied Science, PO Box 310559, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2002 Jan;42(1):9-16. doi: 10.1007/s002440010285.
Effluent toxicity is regularly assessed with Ceriodaphnia dubia short-term chronic and Vibrio fischeri toxicity tests. Condition factor and hemotocrit of fish have recently been used to assess fish health following exposure to xenoestrogens in complex municipal effluents. To assess the ability of a treatment wetland to reduce or remove toxicity of a municipal effluent, we compared C. dubia and V. fischeri bioassays to Pimephales promelas responses in situ. Final whole effluent was diverted to a constructed wetland and effluent samples were taken daily from four sites, at incremental distances from the inflow, for a 3-week study. Overlapping 7-day C. dubia tests and V. fischeri assays were conducted with samples from each wetland site concurrent with a 3-week fish exposure. C. dubia survival and fecundity were significantly (< 0.0001) reduced at the inflow, but steadily improved with distance from the inflow. Fish condition and hematocrit were lower (alpha < 0.05) at wetland sites closer to the inflow than other wetland sites and laboratory controls. However, effluent toxicity was not detected by V. fischeri bioassays. Our findings indicate that 7-day C. dubia bioassays were most sensitive to effluent toxicity and suggest that other bioassays should be used concurrent with V. fischeri assays for municipal effluent toxicity testing.
通常使用短尾类枝角摇蚊短期慢性毒性试验和费氏弧菌毒性试验来评估废水毒性。鱼类的条件因子和血细胞比容最近已被用于评估在复杂城市废水中接触外源性雌激素后鱼类的健康状况。为了评估处理湿地降低或去除城市废水毒性的能力，我们将枝角摇蚊和费氏弧菌生物测定与现场麦穗鱼的反应进行了比较。最终的全部废水被引流到一个人工湿地，在为期3周的研究中，每天从距进水口不同距离的四个地点采集废水样本。在对鱼进行为期3周的暴露试验的同时，对来自每个湿地地点的样本进行了为期7天的重叠枝角摇蚊试验和费氏弧菌测定。在进水口处，枝角摇蚊的存活率和繁殖力显著降低（<0.0001），但随着与进水口距离的增加而稳步改善。在靠近进水口的湿地地点，鱼类状况和血细胞比容低于其他湿地地点和实验室对照（α<0.05）。然而，费氏弧菌生物测定未检测到废水毒性。我们的研究结果表明7天枝角摇蚊生物测定对废水毒性最敏感，并建议在城市废水毒性测试中，应将其他生物测定与费氏弧菌测定同时使用。
