[上海市使用无铅汽油前后儿童血铅水平的比较]
[Comparison of children's blood lead levels in Shanghai before and after the introduction of lead free gasoline].
作者信息
Shen X, Yan C, Zhang Y
机构信息
Xin Hua Hospital, Center for Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Research, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092.
出版信息
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1999 Oct;79(10):739-41.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the blood lead levels of children before and after the introduction of lead free gasoline in Shanghai.
METHODS
We measured the blood lead levels in 1972 children in Shanghai before the introduction of lead free gasoline in Shanghai. The blood lead levels of those children were re-determined 6 months after the leaded gasoline was phased out.
RESULTS
After leaded gasoline was phased out, geometric mean of blood lead levels was decreased significantly from 83 micrograms/L to 80 micrograms/L. The prevalence rate of childhood lead poisoning (blood lead level equal to or more than 100 micrograms/L) decreased from 37.8% to 25.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
The introduction of lead free gasoline could decrease children's blood lead levels in Shanghai. However, the magnitude of decrease is not as great as expected, suggesting that more environmental interventions, such as industry emission control, are needed to prevent childhood lead poisoning.
目的
确定上海引入无铅汽油前后儿童的血铅水平。
方法
我们测量了上海在引入无铅汽油之前1972名儿童的血铅水平。在含铅汽油逐步淘汰6个月后，重新测定了这些儿童的血铅水平。
结果
含铅汽油逐步淘汰后，血铅水平的几何平均值从83微克/升显著降至80微克/升。儿童铅中毒患病率（血铅水平等于或高于100微克/升）从37.8%降至25.7%。
结论
引入无铅汽油可降低上海儿童的血铅水平。然而，下降幅度不如预期大，这表明需要更多的环境干预措施，如工业排放控制，以预防儿童铅中毒。
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