Huber M, Schwarz W, Vogl T, Zeuzem S
Medizinische Klinik II, Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt.
Radiologe. 2001 Oct;41(10):840-51. doi: 10.1007/s001170170055.
Liver cirrhosis is the end-stage of chronic liver disease with a prevalence of 0.5-0.8 percent in the German population. The main causes are chronic viral hepatitis B and C and alcohol abuse. Liver cirrhosis is often oligosymptomatic and frequently only diagnosed when complications occur (laboratory tests, ultrasound, computertomography or nuclear resonance imaging and histology). Complications include portal hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therapeutic management should mainly focus on the treatment of the underlying chronic liver disease in a precirrhotic stage. In the case of cirrhosis, prevention and treatment of complications are clinically most important.
肝硬化是慢性肝病的终末期，在德国人群中的患病率为0.5%-0.8%。主要病因是慢性乙型和丙型病毒性肝炎以及酗酒。肝硬化通常症状较少，常常仅在出现并发症时（实验室检查、超声、计算机断层扫描、核磁共振成像和组织学检查）才被诊断出来。并发症包括门静脉高压、胃肠道出血、腹水、自发性细菌性腹膜炎、肝肾综合征、肝肺综合征、肝性脑病和肝细胞癌。治疗管理应主要侧重于在肝硬化前期治疗潜在的慢性肝病。对于肝硬化患者，预防和治疗并发症在临床上最为重要。
