Mayer A M, Lehmann V K
Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Illinois 60515, USA.
Anticancer Res. 2001 Jul-Aug;21(4A):2489-500.
During 1999 marine antitumor pharmacology research involved researchers in Austria, Australia, England, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Italy, Japan, Spain, Taiwan and the United States. Thirty six papers were published in peer-reviewed journals describing the antitumor and cytotoxic properties of 30 marine natural products belonging to four structural types, namely polyketides, terpenes, nitrogen-containing compounds and polysaccharides. The organisms yielding these bioactive marine compounds comprised a diverse group of marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria. A variety of antitumor pharmacological studies were conducted with 17 marine natural products with established mechanisms of action in a number of experimental and clinical models. Didemnin B, a tunicate-derived depsipeptide with potent antitumor effects, completed a Phase II anticancer clinical trial which resulted indeterminate in respect to activity against human melanoma due to anaphylactoid reactions. In vitro cytotoxicity data with murine and human cell lines were reported for 14 novel marine chemicals with as yet undetermined mechanisms of action. This 1999 literature overview thus highlights the fact that the multinational effort aimed at the discovery of novel marine antitumor agents remained at the same level of research activity as during 1998.
1999年，海洋抗肿瘤药理学研究涉及奥地利、澳大利亚、英国、法国、德国、希腊、荷兰、意大利、日本、西班牙、台湾和美国的研究人员。有36篇论文发表在同行评审期刊上，描述了属于四种结构类型（即聚酮化合物、萜类、含氮化合物和多糖）的30种海洋天然产物的抗肿瘤和细胞毒性特性。产生这些具有生物活性的海洋化合物的生物包括各种各样的海洋动物、藻类、真菌和细菌。对17种海洋天然产物进行了多种抗肿瘤药理学研究，这些产物在许多实验和临床模型中具有确定的作用机制。Didemnin B是一种从被囊动物中提取的具有强大抗肿瘤作用的缩肽，它完成了一项II期抗癌临床试验，但由于类过敏反应，该试验在对人类黑色素瘤的活性方面结果不确定。报告了14种作用机制尚未确定的新型海洋化学物质对小鼠和人类细胞系的体外细胞毒性数据。因此，这份1999年的文献综述突出了这样一个事实，即旨在发现新型海洋抗肿瘤药物的跨国努力仍保持在与1998年相同的研究活动水平。
