Hess K, Philipp W
Department of Electrical Engineering and Physics, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14224-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.251524998. Epub 2001 Nov 27.
The celebrated inequalities of Bell are based on the assumption that local hidden parameters exist. When combined with conflicting experimental results, these inequalities appear to prove that local hidden parameters cannot exist. This contradiction suggests to many that only instantaneous action at a distance can explain the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen type of experiments. We show that, in addition to the assumption that hidden parameters exist, Bell tacitly makes a variety of other assumptions that contribute to his being able to obtain the desired contradiction. For instance, Bell assumes that the hidden parameters do not depend on time and are governed by a single probability measure independent of the analyzer settings. We argue that the exclusion of time has neither a physical nor a mathematical basis but is based on Bell's translation of the concept of Einstein locality into the language of probability theory. Our additional set of local hidden variables includes time-like correlated parameters and a generalized probability density. We prove that our extended space of local hidden variables does not permit Bell-type proofs to go forward.
著名的贝尔不等式基于存在局部隐参数这一假设。当与相互矛盾的实验结果相结合时，这些不等式似乎证明了局部隐参数不存在。这种矛盾让许多人认为，只有超距瞬时作用才能解释爱因斯坦 - 波多尔斯基 - 罗森类型的实验。我们表明，除了存在隐参数这一假设外，贝尔还默认做出了各种其他假设，这些假设使得他能够得出期望的矛盾结果。例如，贝尔假设隐参数不依赖于时间，并且由独立于分析器设置的单一概率测度所支配。我们认为排除时间既没有物理基础也没有数学基础，而是基于贝尔将爱因斯坦定域性概念转化为概率论语言的做法。我们额外的局部隐变量集包括类时相关参数和广义概率密度。我们证明，我们扩展的局部隐变量空间不允许贝尔型证明成立。
