Tennant C
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Block 4, level 5, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
J Psychosom Res. 2001 Nov;51(5):697-704. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00255-0.
The 1980s and 1990s has seen a considerable change in the workforce structure in industrialised economies. Employees are commonly faced with greater demands and less job security, both of which are likely to be stressful, thus psychological disorders especially depression may increasingly be caused by work-related stressors. An issue of this journal in 1997 (Vol. 43, No. 1) was indeed devoted to stress in the workplace and since then, these workplace changes have progressed and a review seems timely. Because interpreting results of cross-sectional studies is limited by a potential reciprocal relation between work stressors and depression (since "effort after meaning" can influence how "distressed" individuals report stressors at work), this review largely focuses on prospective or predictive studies to minimise this bias. Not surprisingly, the findings from occupational stress research is consistent with the more general life event stress literature showing that specific acute work-related stressful experiences contribute to "depression" and, more importantly perhaps, that enduring "structural" occupational factors, which may differ according to occupation, can also contribute to psychological disorders. There are significant implications for employees, their families, employers and indeed the wider community.
20世纪80年代和90年代，工业化经济体的劳动力结构发生了相当大的变化。员工通常面临着更高的要求和更低的工作保障，这两者都可能带来压力，因此心理障碍尤其是抑郁症可能越来越多地由与工作相关的压力源引起。1997年该杂志的一期（第43卷，第1期）确实专门探讨了工作场所的压力，从那时起，这些工作场所的变化不断发展，现在进行一次综述似乎很及时。由于横断面研究的结果解释受到工作压力源与抑郁症之间潜在的相互关系的限制（因为“对意义的努力”会影响个体报告工作压力源时的“痛苦程度”），本综述主要关注前瞻性或预测性研究，以尽量减少这种偏差。不出所料，职业压力研究的结果与更广泛的生活事件压力文献一致，表明特定的急性工作相关压力经历会导致“抑郁症”，也许更重要的是，持久的“结构性”职业因素（可能因职业而异）也会导致心理障碍。这对员工、他们的家庭、雇主乃至更广泛的社区都有重大影响。
