Zalucki Myron P, Clarke Anthony R, Malcolm Stephen B
Department of Zoology and Entomology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2002;47:361-93. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145220.
Neonate Lepidoptera are confronted with the daunting task of establishing themselves on a food plant. The factors relevant to this process need to be considered at spatial and temporal scales relevant to the larva and not the investigator. Neonates have to cope with an array of plant surface characters as well as internal characters once the integument is ruptured. These characters, as well as microclimatic conditions, vary within and between plant modules and interact with larval feeding requirements, strongly affecting movement behavior, which may be extensive even for such small organisms. In addition to these factors, there is an array of predators, pathogens, and parasitoids with which first instars must contend. Not surprisingly, mortality in neonates is high but can vary widely. Experimental and manipulative studies, as well as detailed observations of the animal, are vital if the subtle interaction of factors responsible for this high and variable mortality are to be understood. These studies are essential for an understanding of theories linking female oviposition behavior with larval survival, plant defense theory, and population dynamics, as well as modern crop resistance breeding programs.
新生鳞翅目昆虫面临着在食草植物上立足这一艰巨任务。与这一过程相关的因素需要在与幼虫而非研究者相关的空间和时间尺度上加以考虑。一旦体表破裂，新生幼虫必须应对一系列植物表面特征以及内部特征。这些特征以及微气候条件在植物模块内部和之间都会有所不同，并与幼虫的取食需求相互作用，强烈影响其移动行为，即使对于如此小的生物体来说，这种移动行为也可能很广泛。除了这些因素外，还有一系列捕食者、病原体和寄生生物，初龄幼虫必须与之抗争。毫不奇怪，新生幼虫的死亡率很高，但差异也很大。如果要理解导致这种高死亡率和可变死亡率的因素之间的微妙相互作用，实验和操纵性研究以及对动物的详细观察至关重要。这些研究对于理解将雌虫产卵行为与幼虫存活联系起来的理论、植物防御理论、种群动态以及现代作物抗性育种计划至关重要。
