Roberts C M, Bohnsack J A, Gell F, Hawkins J P, Goodridge R
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1920-3. doi: 10.1126/science.294.5548.1920.
Marine reserves have been widely promoted as conservation and fishery management tools. There are robust demonstrations of conservation benefits, but fishery benefits remain controversial. We show that marine reserves in Florida (United States) and St. Lucia have enhanced adjacent fisheries. Within 5 years of creation, a network of five small reserves in St. Lucia increased adjacent catches of artisanal fishers by between 46 and 90%, depending on the type of gear the fishers used. In Florida, reserve zones in the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge have supplied increasing numbers of world record-sized fish to adjacent recreational fisheries since the 1970s. Our study confirms theoretical predictions that marine reserves can play a key role in supporting fisheries.
海洋保护区作为保护和渔业管理工具已得到广泛推广。保护效益已有充分证明，但渔业效益仍存在争议。我们发现，美国佛罗里达州和圣卢西亚的海洋保护区对周边渔业有促进作用。在圣卢西亚，五个小型保护区组成的网络在设立后的5年内，使周边手工渔民的渔获量增加了46%至90%，具体增幅取决于渔民使用的渔具类型。在佛罗里达州，自20世纪70年代以来，梅里特岛国家野生动物保护区的保护区区域为周边休闲渔业提供了数量不断增加的世界纪录级大鱼。我们的研究证实了理论预测，即海洋保护区在支持渔业方面可以发挥关键作用。
