Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93116, USA.
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93116, USA.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 29;11(1):2663. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82371-5.
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designed to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services. Some MPAs are also established to benefit fisheries through increased egg and larval production, or the spillover of mobile juveniles and adults. Whether spillover influences fishery landings depend on the population status and movement patterns of target species both inside and outside of MPAs, as well as the status of the fishery and behavior of the fleet. We tested whether an increase in the lobster population inside two newly established MPAs influenced local catch, fishing effort, and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) within the sustainable California spiny lobster fishery. We found greater build-up of lobsters within MPAs relative to unprotected areas, and greater increases in fishing effort and total lobster catch, but not CPUE, in fishing zones containing MPAs vs. those without MPAs. Our results show that a 35% reduction in fishing area resulting from MPA designation was compensated for by a 225% increase in total catch after 6-years, thus indicating at a local scale that the trade-off of fishing ground for no-fishing zones benefitted the fishery.
海洋保护区 (MPAs) 的设计目的是增强生物多样性和生态系统服务。一些 MPA 也是为了通过增加卵子和幼虫的产量，或者移动的幼体和成年体的溢出，使渔业受益。溢出是否会影响渔业的渔获量，取决于保护区内外目标物种的种群状况和移动模式，以及渔业的状况和船队的行为。我们测试了在两个新建立的 MPA 内龙虾数量的增加是否会影响当地的捕捞量、捕捞努力量和单位捕捞努力量的渔获量 (CPUE) 在可持续的加利福尼亚刺龙虾渔业中。我们发现，在保护区内的龙虾数量相对于未受保护的地区有所增加，而在有 MPA 的捕捞区与没有 MPA 的捕捞区相比，捕捞努力量和总龙虾捕捞量增加，但 CPUE 没有增加。我们的结果表明，由于 MPA 的指定，捕捞区域减少了 35%，但在 6 年后，总捕捞量增加了 225%，这表明在当地范围内，用捕捞区换取禁渔区有利于渔业。
