Mulder R, Vereijken T L, Frijters C T, Vellinga S H
PAQUES Water Systems BV, Balk, The Netherlands.
Water Sci Technol. 2001;44(8):27-32.
The paper discusses conversion capacities of both anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment systems in relation to growth kinetics, hydrodynamics and biomass concentration. In the current modern anaerobic high-rate reactors the conversion potentials are optimally exploited. This is not yet true for aerobic systems since operation of aerobic systems under conditions of low biomass growth reduces the maximum applicable loading rates significantly. Both the concept of granulation and the introduction of fluidised bed systems have increased conversion capacities for both anaerobic and aerobic systems significantly. One of the latest development concerns the SBR with granular biomass. The grazing concept, in which ciliates convert aerobically grown dispersed cells, offers a possibility for significant improvement of aerobic systems. In the fields of psychrophilic and thermophilic anaerobic treatment, specific reactor development may contribute to further enhance volumetric conversion capacities. Due to reduced water usage, both COD and salt concentrations tend to increase for industrial effluents. As a consequence, there is a need for the development of anaerobic reactors retaining flocculant biomass. The membrane bioreactors offer a solution for certain niches in wastewater treatment. However the oxygen transfer economy is poor. There is a need for fundamental knowledge development to obtain a realistic image of this technology.
本文讨论了厌氧和好氧废水处理系统的转化能力与生长动力学、流体动力学和生物量浓度的关系。在当前的现代厌氧高速反应器中，转化潜力得到了最佳利用。对于好氧系统而言，情况并非如此，因为在低生物量生长条件下运行好氧系统会显著降低最大适用负荷率。颗粒化概念和流化床系统的引入都显著提高了厌氧和好氧系统的转化能力。最新进展之一是带有颗粒生物质的序批式反应器（SBR）。其中纤毛虫对好氧生长的分散细胞进行转化的捕食概念为显著改善好氧系统提供了一种可能性。在嗜冷和嗜热厌氧处理领域，特定的反应器开发可能有助于进一步提高容积转化能力。由于用水量减少，工业废水的化学需氧量（COD）和盐浓度往往会增加。因此，需要开发能够保留絮凝生物质的厌氧反应器。膜生物反应器为废水处理中的某些特定领域提供了解决方案。然而，其氧传递经济性较差。需要开展基础知识研究，以全面了解这项技术。
