LaForce F M, Nelson M
JAMA. 1975 Jul 28;233(4):331-5.
During a recent outbreak of hepatitis B among patients receiving dialysis, georgraphic and temporal distribution of cases in the absence of exposure to blood products suggested patient-to-patient transmission. The patients who contracted hepatitis used Kiil dialyzers with a single-pass dialysate system, while patients who used hollow-fiber dialyzers appeared to be protected. Blood was returned to patients after Kiil dialysis by the air-rinse technique with the use of a nonsterile plastic tube attached to a manometer bulb. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus and poliovirus became widely distributed throughout the Kiil dialyzer when introduced during the rinse phase by contaminating the air-rinse tubing.
在近期接受透析的患者中爆发乙型肝炎期间，在未接触血液制品的情况下病例的地理和时间分布提示存在患者间传播。感染肝炎的患者使用的是带有单通道透析液系统的基尔透析器，而使用中空纤维透析器的患者似乎受到了保护。基尔透析后，血液通过空气冲洗技术经连接压力计球泡的非无菌塑料管回输到患者体内。实验室实验表明，金黄色葡萄球菌和脊髓灰质炎病毒在冲洗阶段通过污染空气冲洗管而引入时，会在整个基尔透析器中广泛传播。
