Arroyo S
Unidad de Epilepsia, Hospital Clínico, Barcelona.
Neurologia. 2001 Oct;16(8):370-5.
Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is a new antiepileptic drug derived from carbamazepine (CBZ). OXC has shown efficacy in partial and secondarily generalized seizures in children and adults. It is not indicated in myoclonic epilepsies or absences. OXC has a high bioavailability and is 40% protein-bound. Its metabolism is different from that of CBZ. There is no epoxy derivative, but a monohidroxy derivative (MHD) that is responsible from its clinical efficacy. In several clinical trials OXC has demonstrated efficacy in partial seizures both as add-on and in monotherapy. In these trials, OXC has been found to be as efficacious as CBZ, valproic acid or phenytoin, but with fewer adverse events and better tolerability. The most frequent adverse events of OXC are sedation, somnolence, headache, dizziness, and nausea. Most frequently, adverse events are transient and are minimized with dose reduction. OXC has not been associated with severe hematological, renal, or hepatic adverse events. Aymptomatic hyponatremia has been observed in patients undergoing treatment with OXC, most frequently in patients with diseases or medications predisposing to hyponatremia.
奥卡西平（OXC）是一种源自卡马西平（CBZ）的新型抗癫痫药物。奥卡西平已在儿童和成人的部分性发作及继发性全身性发作中显示出疗效。它不适用于肌阵挛性癫痫或失神发作。奥卡西平具有高生物利用度，蛋白结合率为40%。其代谢与卡马西平不同。不存在环氧衍生物，而是有一种单羟基衍生物（MHD），其临床疗效与之相关。在多项临床试验中，奥卡西平在作为附加治疗和单药治疗时均已证明对部分性发作有效。在这些试验中，已发现奥卡西平与卡马西平、丙戊酸或苯妥英一样有效，但不良事件较少且耐受性更好。奥卡西平最常见的不良事件是镇静、嗜睡、头痛、头晕和恶心。不良事件大多是短暂的，通过减少剂量可将其降至最低。奥卡西平未与严重的血液学、肾脏或肝脏不良事件相关联。在用奥卡西平治疗的患者中观察到无症状性低钠血症，最常见于有易导致低钠血症的疾病或药物治疗的患者。
