Mangel M
Department of Environmental Studies and Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
J Theor Biol. 2001 Dec 21;213(4):559-71. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2431.
Mortality and reproduction are intimately entwined in the study of aging and longevity. I apply the modern theory of complex adaptive systems (nonlinear, stochastic, dynamic methods) to questions of aging and longevity. I begin by highlighting major questions that must be answered in order to obtain a deeper understanding of aging. These are: (i) What should (in an evolutionary sense) mortality trajectories look like? (ii) Why does caloric restriction slow aging? (iii) Why does reproduction cause delayed mortality? (iv) Why does compensatory growth cause delayed mortality? I show how dynamic state variable models based on stochastic dynamic programming (Clark & Mangel, 2000) can be used to embed genetic theories of senescence (either mutation accumulation or antagonistic pleiotropy) in the somatic environment, as George Williams called for in 1957, and how they make the disposable soma theory of aging operational. Such models will allow unification of genetic and phenotypic theories of aging.
在衰老与长寿的研究中，死亡率和繁殖紧密相连。我将复杂适应系统的现代理论（非线性、随机、动态方法）应用于衰老和长寿问题。首先，我着重强调为更深入理解衰老而必须回答的主要问题。这些问题是：（i）（从进化意义上讲）死亡率轨迹应该是什么样的？（ii）为什么热量限制会延缓衰老？（iii）为什么繁殖会导致死亡率延迟？（iv）为什么代偿性生长会导致死亡率延迟？我展示了基于随机动态规划的动态状态变量模型（Clark & Mangel，2000）如何能够按照乔治·威廉姆斯在1957年所呼吁的那样，将衰老的遗传理论（突变积累或拮抗多效性）嵌入体细胞环境中，以及它们如何使衰老的一次性体细胞理论得以运作。此类模型将实现衰老的遗传理论和表型理论的统一。
