Monteiro-Riviere N, Inman A, Riviere J
Center for Cutaneous Toxicology and Residue Pharmacology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
J Appl Toxicol. 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6):485-94. doi: 10.1002/jat.785.
Occupational and environmental exposures to jet fuel recently have become a source of public and regulatory concern. This study investigates the cutaneous toxicity of three fuels used in both civilian and military aircraft. Pigs, an accepted animal model for human skin, were exposed to low-dose (25 microl or 7.96 microl cm(-2)) or high-dose (335 microl or 67 microl cm(-2)) Jet A, JP-8 and JP-8 + 100 under occluded (Hill Top) chamber or cotton fabric) and non-occluded conditions for 5 h, 24 h and 5 days. To mimic occupational exposure, fuel-soaked fabric (high dose) was used. Erythema, edema, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and epidermal thickness were quantified. High-dose fabric occluded sites had slight erythema at 5 h with increased erythema at 5 days. No erythema was noted in any of the occluded (Hill Top) or non-occluded sites at any of the time points. Morphological assessments depicted slight intracellular epidermal edema at all time points. An increase in change in TEWL (DeltaTEWL) was observed at the 5-h and 24-h fabric and Hill Top occluded treatments and a decrease at the 5-day fabric and Hill Top occluded sites. In all 5-day JP-8 + 100 fabric sites, intracorneal microabscesses filled with inflammatory cells were observed. Epidermal thickening was significant (P < 0.05) in all three jet fuels at the high-dose fabric sites, with JP-8 + 100 being the thickest. The epidermal rete peg depth increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 24 h and 5 days with Jet A, JP-8, and JP-8 + 100 in the fabric sites. No significant differences were noted in the 5-day non-occluded fabric and Hill Top occluded and non-occluded sites. Jet fuel JP-8 + 100 tended to have the greatest proliferative response. In conclusion, the high-dose fabric-soaked exposure at 5 days to Jet A, JP-8 and JP-8 + 100 fuels caused the greatest increase in cutaneous erythema, edema, epidermal thickness and rete peg depth compared with high-dose non-occluded or low-dose exposure under Hill Top occluded and non-occluded conditions.
职业性和环境性接触喷气燃料最近已成为公众和监管机构关注的焦点。本研究调查了民用和军用飞机使用的三种燃料的皮肤毒性。猪是公认的人类皮肤动物模型，在封闭（山顶）舱或棉布）和非封闭条件下，分别以低剂量（25微升或7.96微升/平方厘米）或高剂量（335微升或67微升/平方厘米）暴露于喷气A、JP - 8和JP - 8 + 100燃料中5小时、24小时和5天。为模拟职业暴露，使用了浸有燃料的织物（高剂量）。对红斑、水肿、经表皮水分流失（TEWL）和表皮厚度进行了量化。高剂量织物封闭部位在5小时时有轻微红斑，5天时红斑增加。在任何时间点，封闭（山顶）或非封闭部位均未观察到红斑。形态学评估显示在所有时间点均有轻微的细胞内表皮水肿。在5小时和24小时的织物和山顶封闭处理中观察到TEWL变化（ΔTEWL）增加，而在5天的织物和山顶封闭部位则减少。在所有5天的JP - 8 + 100织物部位，均观察到充满炎性细胞的角膜内微脓肿。在高剂量织物部位，所有三种喷气燃料的表皮增厚均显著（P < 0.05），其中JP - 8 + 100最厚。在24小时和5天时，喷气A、JP - 8和JP - 在织物部位的表皮钉突深度显著增加（P < 0.05）。在5天的非封闭织物以及山顶封闭和非封闭部位未观察到显著差异。喷气燃料JP - 8 + 100往往具有最大的增殖反应。总之，与在山顶封闭和非封闭条件下的高剂量非封闭或低剂量暴露相比，在5天时高剂量织物浸泡暴露于喷气A、JP - 8和JP - 8 + 100燃料会导致皮肤红斑、水肿、表皮厚度和钉突深度增加最多。
